Chengdu, capital city of Southwest China's Sichuan province, came out on top in Oriental Outlook magazine's annual ranking of the 10 happiest Chinese cities in 2017.

Beijing and Shanghai, which both made it into the 2015 and 2016 lists, were pushed out by second- and third-tier cities.

Oriental Outlook works with the Liaowang Think Tank to do research for the rankings. This is the 11th consecutive year it has been published. More than 13.95 million people nationwide participated in the survey based on 16 indexes, including education, health care, environment and public services.

No 10 Xuzhou