波多野结衣办公室双飞_制服 丝袜 综合 日韩 欧美_网站永久看片免费_欧美一级片在线免费观看_免费视频91蜜桃_精产国品一区二区三区_97超碰免费在线观看_欧美做受喷浆在线观看_国产熟妇搡bbbb搡bbbb_麻豆精品国产传媒

Global EditionASIA 中文雙語Fran?ais
Opinion
Home / Opinion / Global Views

Room to maneuver

Germany, as the leading power in the EU, should play an active role in ensuring the bloc to become strategically more autonomous

By HUANG MENGMENG | China Daily Global | Updated: 2025-02-11 08:06
Share
Share - WeChat
MA XUEJING/CHINA DAILY

After the outbreak of the Ukraine crisis in 2022, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz delivered a speech on zeitenwende, which means a historical turning point. Since then, Germany has advanced the transformation of its foreign and security policy.

Germany has reshaped its relations with the major powers. On the one hand, the Scholz government and the Joe Biden administration strengthened security cooperation and international strategic coordination declaring that the European Union's common defense is complementary to NATO. In addition, within the US-EU Trade and Technology Council, Germany and the US have strengthened their coordination on export controls and foreign direct investment screening and set compatible standards and regulations in trade and investment. On the other hand, Germany has proposed reducing its economic and trade dependence on China, linking economic and trade issues with national security. The weight of competition and confrontation in Sino-German relations has risen.

However, the partnership between Germany and the US will be challenged during the second Donald Trump administration. During the first Trump administration, Germany and the US showed significant differences concerning the international trade order, multilateralism, liberal democratic values and global governance. Germany is even more worried about bilateral relations in Trump's second term. The US technology industry has curried favor with Trump and helped him promote his "America First" approach and the "Make America Great Again" movement, and pursue a transactional foreign policy, which puts tangible benefits and deals above abstract values, and abandons aid and financial assistance as a political tool, which represents a transformation in the US approach toward its allies.

President Trump signed numerous executive orders on his first day in office, including the deportation of illegal immigrants, easing regulatory burdens on oil and gas production, the US' withdrawal from the Paris Agreement and the World Health Organization, imposing a 25-percent tariff hike on imports from Canada and Mexico (later postponed), and a 10-percent tariff hike on Chinese goods, which is undoubtedly a reversal of the Biden-era US foreign policy. The EU and Germany are not happy to see it.

Here are four points where the US and Europe could diverge in Trump's second term.

First, on the defensive alliance, Europe is not a priority for the US.It remains to be seen whether the Trump administration is still willing to aid Ukraine, what kind of deal is required for the US aid to Ukraine, and whether it will request a higher price for the European allies to maintain the US security guarantee in NATO.Trump called on NATO countries to increase their defense spending to 5 percent of their GDP before his inauguration. Besides, at the World Economic Forum meeting in Davos, Trump said he would like to be able to meet with Russian President Vladimir Putin to get the war ended, and hoped China would contribute to bringing about an end to the crisis in Ukraine. The EU is concerned that it will be "marginalized" in a US-led mediation process.

Second, the US and Europe may be involved in a trade war again. Trump's favorite word is "tariffs", which he believes will make the US rich again. Based on his "transactional" approach to foreign policy, Trump has asked the EU to take measures to address the US-EU trade balance, including importing more US energy and military products. Trump has pressured German companies to choose between two alternatives, either investing in plants in the US or being hit with tariffs.

Third, Europe and the US have less common language on climate issues. Trump opposes the EU's Green Deal, and encourages the production of oil and gas rather than renewable energy.

Fourth, the transatlantic liberal value alliance is at risk of collapsing. Trump's Cabinet has clearly expressed his support for right-wing populists and conservative parties in the EU, impacting EU cohesion. Trump team's favoring of conservative nationalism makes them have more sympathy with the sovereigntist and conservative governments and even the farright parties in Europe, such as the Alternative for Germany, France's Rassemblement National, Hungary's Viktor Orbán government and Italy's Giorgia Meloni government, especially on issues such as immigration policy, energy policy and the Ukraine crisis, where they run counter to the views of the liberal EU establishment.

US-European disputes over the rule-based international order will be no less intense than they were during Trump's first term, and the great power competition will be more intense. The EU has been talking about "strategic autonomy" and "defense capability" for many years. However, the frequent appearance of the EU's strategic autonomy in its political rhetoric without any real progress has led to the EU's declining international competitiveness and disunity and made it difficult for it to take its place in the geopolitical competition. At a time of turbulence in the international order, Germany, as the leading power in the EU, should play an active role in shaping the EU to become strategically more autonomous.

In terms of Sino-German economic ties, German investment in China still has resilience, and German direct investment in China in 2023 totaled 11.9 billion euros ($12.3 billion), reaching a historical high. Based on a business confidence survey released by the German Chamber of Commerce in China, in 2024, 91 percent of surveyed German companies expressed their intentions to continue their operations in China.

According to the data from Munich's Ifo Institute, a leading German economic research organization, in an extensive US tariffs policy, German exports to the US could fall by 14.9 percent. German exports to China could decline by 9.6 percent. The US tariffs on China would also adversely affect Chinese demand for intermediate products from Germany, and if China were to impose retaliatory tariffs in response, the negative impact on Germany would be significantly greater. Trump's tariffs on the EU will add insult to injury for the German economy. In recent years, due to the decoupling of German and Russian energy, German companies have encountered greater pressure as a result of high energy prices, and the crisis in the German automotive industry has spread with mass layoffs. The German economy has been in recession for two years since 2023. Its economic troubles have also triggered a political crisis. Germany's Scholz government collapsed due to budgetary and economic policy disagreements among the coalition partners and the country is to hold early elections in February 2025.

Amid the turbulent international environment, Germany and China need to maintain cooperation.

First, 2024 marked the 10th anniversary of the all-round strategic partnership between China and Germany. Chinese and German companies are embedded in the global industrial chains, especially in the automobiles and chemicals sectors. The concerns of enterprises should be taken seriously and the business environment of both countries should be improved to promote economic prosperity and welfare, rather than constraining each other for so-called security reasons.

Second, the US' alliance policy is characterized by uncertainty, which will not only be a shock to the European economy but also strike at the EU's unity. In recent years, Germany has advocated taking on more responsibility for the EU and called for improving EU cohesion and competitiveness. Germany, as a responsible EU power, should promote the strategic autonomy of the EU, especially in the areas of global governance, multilateral mechanisms, and international cooperation to cope with climate change which has been a core concern of Europe and China for many years and one that is being ignored by the Trump administration. The pragmatic cooperation between Germany and China remains important to counteract unilateralism and trade protectionism and it can play an important role in the international multilateral system.

The author is an associate professor at the Institute of European Studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. The author contributed this article to China Watch, a think tank powered by China Daily. The views do not necessarily reflect those of China Daily.

Contact the editor at editor@chinawatch.cn.

Most Viewed in 24 Hours
Top
BACK TO THE TOP
English
Copyright 1995 - . All rights reserved. The content (including but not limited to text, photo, multimedia information, etc) published in this site belongs to China Daily Information Co (CDIC). Without written authorization from CDIC, such content shall not be republished or used in any form. Note: Browsers with 1024*768 or higher resolution are suggested for this site.
License for publishing multimedia online 0108263

Registration Number: 130349
FOLLOW US
波多野结衣办公室双飞_制服 丝袜 综合 日韩 欧美_网站永久看片免费_欧美一级片在线免费观看_免费视频91蜜桃_精产国品一区二区三区_97超碰免费在线观看_欧美做受喷浆在线观看_国产熟妇搡bbbb搡bbbb_麻豆精品国产传媒
人妻精油按摩bd高清中文字幕| 国产又粗又猛又爽又黄av | 91一区在线观看| 91免费在线看片| 久久日韩粉嫩一区二区三区| 亚洲第一会所有码转帖| 日本黄色www| 色婷婷综合久久久久中文一区二区| 久久精品一区四区| 国模一区二区三区白浆| 欧美日韩高清丝袜| 精品国产乱子伦一区| 另类中文字幕网| 久久精品视频18| 久久久久久久久蜜桃| 激情五月婷婷综合网| 夜夜春很很躁夜夜躁| 久久品道一品道久久精品| 精品一区二区免费在线观看| 国产黄色大片免费看| 久久女同互慰一区二区三区| 国产在线播精品第三| 国产又黄又粗又猛又爽的| 欧美国产1区2区| 成人一二三区视频| 色婷婷亚洲综合| 亚洲一区二区三区小说| 成人区人妻精品一区二| 日韩欧美国产不卡| 国产精品影音先锋| 一本大道久久a久久精二百| 伊人婷婷欧美激情| 艳妇乳肉豪妇荡乳xxx| 日韩一级片在线播放| 美美哒免费高清在线观看视频一区二区 | 亚洲午夜视频在线观看| 日本黄色免费观看| 久久先锋资源网| 成人综合婷婷国产精品久久 | 国内外成人在线| 黄色录像免费观看| 一区二区三区视频在线观看| 丰满岳乱妇一区二区| 精品久久久久久久久久久久久久久 | 91激情视频在线观看| 欧美国产精品一区| 欧美日韩一区二区区| 欧美成人艳星乳罩| 图片区小说区国产精品视频| 91在线国产观看| 日韩色视频在线观看| 国产美女在线观看一区| 色狠狠一区二区三区香蕉| 亚洲不卡在线观看| 国产精品酒店视频| 亚洲最新视频在线观看| 成年人网站免费在线观看| 欧美国产97人人爽人人喊| 麻豆av免费看| 久久精品无码一区二区三区| 91在线精品一区二区三区| 欧美大片免费久久精品三p| 丁香一区二区三区| 欧美精品三级在线观看| 国产精品原创巨作av| 欧美军同video69gay| 国产精品综合一区二区| 欧美嫩在线观看| 国产v综合v亚洲欧| 欧美一级一级性生活免费录像| 国产剧情一区二区| 在线播放视频一区| 成人手机电影网| 欧美刺激午夜性久久久久久久 | 欧美xxxooo| 午夜影视日本亚洲欧洲精品| 少妇高潮惨叫久久久久| 亚洲成人一区在线| 综合五月激情网| 麻豆免费看一区二区三区| 在线观看精品一区| 国产精品羞羞答答xxdd| 欧美一区二区三区的| 成人黄动漫网站免费app| 欧美不卡一区二区三区四区| 99精品黄色片免费大全| 精品国产乱码久久久久久久久 | 成人毛片在线观看| 精品日产卡一卡二卡麻豆| 在线观看视频你懂得| 日本一区免费视频| 青青草视频成人| 依依成人精品视频| 日韩欧美国产成人精品免费| 免费成人性网站| 欧美夫妻性生活| 99国产精品久久| 国产精品视频麻豆| 变态另类ts人妖一区二区| 五月婷婷色综合| 欧美午夜电影一区| av在线这里只有精品| 国产欧美日产一区| 天天躁夜夜躁狠狠是什么心态| 亚洲3atv精品一区二区三区| 色妞www精品视频| 国产a区久久久| 久久精品亚洲国产奇米99| 免费在线观看成年人视频| 亚洲成人www| 欧美日韩亚洲综合| 99re视频精品| 亚洲日韩欧美一区二区在线| 91麻豆精品久久毛片一级| 久久精品国产精品亚洲精品| 欧美一区二区三区在线视频| 精人妻一区二区三区| 一区二区三区鲁丝不卡| 色8久久人人97超碰香蕉987| 成人黄色网址在线观看| 国产精品嫩草99a| 亚洲 欧美 变态 另类 综合| 国产曰批免费观看久久久| 久久午夜老司机| 精品熟妇无码av免费久久| 狠狠色丁香婷婷综合| 精品福利一二区| 欧美午夜激情影院| 国产一区二区三区久久久 | 日韩免费观看高清完整版在线观看| 蜜桃色一区二区三区| 亚洲影视在线播放| 欧美三级三级三级爽爽爽| 色欲欲www成人网站| 亚洲一区二区偷拍精品| 欧美日韩电影在线| 800av在线播放| 久久丁香综合五月国产三级网站 | 奇米影视一区二区三区小说| 日韩一区二区三区视频| 亚洲 欧美 日韩在线| 五月婷婷综合激情| 欧美刺激午夜性久久久久久久| 亚洲自拍偷拍图| 国产成人综合在线观看| 国产精品久久久久精k8| 色婷婷av久久久久久久| 久久精品无码一区二区三区毛片| 亚洲一区欧美一区| 日韩一级免费观看| 少妇一级黄色片| 成人精品免费视频| 亚洲一区二区三区美女| 91精品久久久久久久久99蜜臂| 免费成人深夜夜行p站| 久久精品国产亚洲a| 国产日韩欧美电影| 91福利国产成人精品照片| 黑人玩弄人妻一区二区三区| 青青草原综合久久大伊人精品优势| 久久久久久久久久久久电影| 成年人二级毛片| 亚洲精品久久久久久| 免费看日韩精品| 国产精品久久久久影院亚瑟| 在线视频一区二区免费| 99riav一区二区三区| 舔着乳尖日韩一区| 国产网红主播福利一区二区| 国产黄色片在线免费观看| 在线观看成人动漫| 国产乱码精品一区二区三区忘忧草| 成人欧美一区二区三区视频网页| 欧美久久一区二区| 性欧美精品男男| 91视频在线看| 裸体歌舞表演一区二区| 国产精品动漫网站| 欧美一级黄色大片| 麻豆网址在线观看| 中国xxxx性xxxx产国| 国产在线播放一区| 亚洲国产日韩一区二区| 久久色成人在线| 欧美日韩国产另类不卡| 国产午夜福利一区| 动漫av在线免费观看| 国产美女娇喘av呻吟久久| 洋洋成人永久网站入口| 久久久国际精品| 欧美日韩精品欧美日韩精品一 | 亚洲一区二区三区国产| 久久综合九色综合97婷婷女人| 日本韩国精品一区二区在线观看| 亚洲第一黄色网址| 99re成人在线| 国产精品69久久久久水密桃| 午夜精品影院在线观看| 国产精品久久精品日日| 欧美v国产在线一区二区三区|