For Abdellah, the technique he was the most eager to learn was endoscopic submucosal dissection, or ESD. It is a minimally invasive procedure used to remove early-stage gastrointestinal tumors.

"I have seen many local cases of stomach and digestive system cancers in southern Egypt where I practice. This technique has great potential because it is cost-effective as it removes early-stage tumors without major surgery," he said.

However, Abdellah said only two or three physicians are trained in ESD in the region, and barely 30 such procedures are performed annually.

This scarcity of expertise prompted Abdellah's supervisor at his hospital to encourage him to participate in the training program, he added.

Wei Yongqiu, from the Beijing Friendship Hospital's gastroenterology department, was among the Chinese physicians mentoring international doctors in the program.

"We start by clarifying the very basics and then guide them through each fundamental step — from properly handling the endoscope and making precise incisions to fluid injection techniques — while highlighting common pitfalls to avoid," he said.

Wei said that some visiting physicians come from emergency or general surgery backgrounds, so their techniques with the equipment tend to be rougher and more rushed.

"Performing endoscopic procedures is like carving flowers on tofu as it demands meticulous precision and immense patience," he said. "So it is important to convey to them the delicate nature of the work.

"Whether practicing on ex vivo specimens or live animals, I always emphasize treating each exercise as if it were a real patient. This discipline prevents bad habits from forming," he added.

Aleksei Goriunov, a Russian doctor, said the way Chinese doctors teach them feels like "a grandma caring for her grandchild".

"This experience has exposed me to novel knowledge and I further understand the significance to never stop learning in our profession," he added.

Li Peng, vice-president of the hospital, said that since the program was launched in 2016, it has trained more than 100 medical professionals from over 10 countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative.

Li recalled an Egyptian trainee from the 2019 program who spent over 10 hours each day practicing in the simulation lab, often working as late as 3 am.

"I have since met her at several international conferences and learned that she is now leading efforts to advance endoscopy training and awareness in Egypt," he said.

"Going forward, our hospital will emphasize standardized, foundational training while incorporating the latest innovations in digestive endoscopy," he added.

During his training session, Abdellah took nearly an hour to complete the ESD procedure successfully.

"Probably because I am very tall and the operating table was kind of low. So I had to keep bending over constantly, which made it extra challenging and difficult," he said.

"I definitely need more and more practice and experience to fully master the skill," he said. "But the program is a good starting point."

wangxiaoyu@chinadaily.com.cn