China's Arms Control, Disarmament, and Nonproliferation in the New Era

The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China November 2025

China Daily | Updated: 2025-11-28 07:22

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Annex I: List of Arms

Control, Disarmament, and Nonproliferation Treaties That China Has Joined (As of November 2025)

I. In the Nuclear Field

Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons

Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty

Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material

Amendment to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material

Convention on Nuclear Safety

International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism

Additional Protocol II to the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean

Protocols II and III to the South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty

Protocols I and II to the African Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty

Protocol to the Treaty on a Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone in Central Asia

Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Seabed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil Thereof

Agreement Between the People's Republic of China and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the Application of Safeguards in China

Additional Protocol to the Agreement Between China and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the Application of Safeguards in China

II. In the Biological Field

Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare

Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction

III. In the Chemical Field

Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction

IV. In the Conventional Field

Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects and Protocols I-III

Amended Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices Annexed to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects (Amended Protocol II)

Protocol on Blinding Laser Weapons Annexed to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects (Protocol IV)

Protocol on Explosive Remnants of War Annexed to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects (Protocol V)

Protocol Against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime

Arms Trade Treaty

V. In Other Fields

The Antarctic Treaty

Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space

Treaty on Principles Concerning the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies

Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques

Annex II: China's Laws and Regulations Related to Nonproliferation and Export Controls (As of November 2025)

I. In the Nuclear Field

Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Control of Nuclear Materials

Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Control of Nuclear Export

Nuclear Export Control List

Regulations on the Safeguards and Supervision of Nuclear Imports and Exports and International Nuclear Cooperation