More than 160,000 malware samples on mobile Internet devices were found in 2012, about 25 times more than in 2011, according to security companies and the National Computer Network Emergency Response Technical Team and Coordination Center.

More than 80 percent of the malware targeted smartphones that use the Android operating system, and most was downloaded through smartphone application stores and forums, the center said.

Security on mobile Internet devices is more serious than traditional cyberthreats, said Du Yuejin, the center's deputy chief technology officer. Hackers are increasingly exploiting downloaded software on smartphones through app stores, Du said.

"User information on smartphones is the target of hackers," Du said. "Meanwhile, a mobile device can stay online for quite a long time, which provides the time attackers need to get what they want."

Security threats come mostly from malware, but malware is difficult to detect when people download apps, he said.

The center screened about 2 million mobile software programs sold in various Chinese app stores.

Around 800,000 programs had a total of more than 7,000 malware programs, which have been downloaded more than 100 million times.

Malware surfs the Internet and sends messages without the users' knowledge after stealing data, Du said.

"Mobile users should enhance their awareness of the problem, but it's more important to urge our security companies to take precautionary measures," he said.

Zhang Zhenghua, chief adviser of cloud ecology system with Baidu, a major online search engine, agreed, saying his company has invested 100 million yuan ($16.3 million) on improving cybersecurity.

So far, the company has identified 60 million fake websites and kicked 170,000 unqualified users off line, Zhang said.

"We have also cooperated with the authorities, including Beijing Public Security Bureau, to improve our verification system and avoid phishing websites," he added.

By April, China had 808 million mobile Internet users, a year-on-year increase of 20 percent.

The number of people surfing the Internet with smartphones is now 787 million, according to the China Association of Communication Enterprises.

As a result of this growth, providing a safe platform for mobile users to download apps has become a priority, said Guo Xunping, vice-president of Bangcle, a Beijing company that provides security services for mobile devices.

He suggested every app should be protected against malware before it is issued.

Associations like NGOs should also make contributions to the cyberthreat crackdown, said Bai Xueren, director of a network detection center in Jiangsu province.

Bai's team established a provincial mobile Internet virus sample database that has collected more than 1,400 categories.

"We also cooperated with the provincial telecom bureau and police, building an alliance to fight against cellphone viruses," he said. Coordination with telecom operators, security institutes and government administrations is also vital, he said.