波多野结衣办公室双飞_制服 丝袜 综合 日韩 欧美_网站永久看片免费_欧美一级片在线免费观看_免费视频91蜜桃_精产国品一区二区三区_97超碰免费在线观看_欧美做受喷浆在线观看_国产熟妇搡bbbb搡bbbb_麻豆精品国产传媒

US EUROPE AFRICA ASIA 中文
China / Society

Low-grade coal is cheaper, but poses pollution challenge

By Zheng Jinran and Wang Yanfei (China Daily) Updated: 2015-12-21 08:33

Low-grade coal is cheaper, but poses pollution challenge

A worker checks a natural gas boiler that provides heating to residents in a village in Beijing's Mentougou district in November. The capital launched two projects that enabled rural residents to use electricity and natural gas for heating this year. [Li Xin / Xinhua]

Ministry inspections find practices in rural areas haven't been monitored

The recurring gray smog in Beijing is a symbol of the thorny side of the country's modernization. The challenge is how to alter the use of the inferior coal that's responsible for much of it.

Around 200 million residents in rural China, mostly in the northern parts of the country, use coal for household heating during the winter. To save money, many of them tend to use inferior types, Economic Daily reported.

Twenty to 30 years ago, most farmers primarily burned wood or crop stalks for winter warmth. Coal was considered a luxury.

Now, as that luxury from bygone days has become commonplace, its dirty reputation as a polluter has begun to rub off on those who use it. Contributing to smog has become tantamount to committing a crime.

In a recent inspection by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of 22 cities in northern China, officials came to the conclusion that coal burning - especially the low-quality coal - is the main cause of the steep deterioration in air quality over the winter months.

Coal burning for heating is a widespread phenomenon in the vast rural areas surrounding the few large modernized cities that have made the shift to cleaner energy.

The inspectors found that 22 percent of the coal samples from Beijing failed to meet national standards, along with 27 percent from Tianjin and 38 percent from Hebei province, which has a much larger rural population.

In many cities in Henan province, the coal used in rural areas was not covered by the local environmental authorities' regular monitoring system, the inspectors said. In fact, the management of coal usage in rural China has been loose, they said.

Related government agencies, such as those in charge of housing and rural development, were also criticized for having failed to be environmentally responsible.

As winter came around and many rural households started to use coal stoves for heating, it took only days for smog to build up in the skies of the region.

The national environmental watchdog's data show that in November the reading of the major hazardous airborne pollutant PM2.5 - particles 2.5 microns or less in diameter that endanger human health - saw an increase of close to 60 percent from last year in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area, one of the three largest city-clusters on the Chinese mainland. There were four more smoggy days in Beijing in November compared with last November.

Rural residential heating makes up only 2.6 percent of China's coal use, according to the National Bureau of Statistics. "But its impact on smog can't be ignored," said He Zhicheng, chief economist at Agricultural Bank of China.

Northern China's air quality is mainly the result of the region's "irrational industrial structure", He said, mainly excessive dependency on coal for heat, or its use in industries such as steelmaking.

Low-grade coal is cheaper, but poses pollution challenge

Other than the two municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin, coal generates 90 percent of the energy in Hebei.

In most small cities and their nearby rural areas, infrastructure development has been inadequate, experts said. In the worst cases, local governments at the county or township level still support some highly polluting industries as economic pillars.

Banning the use of inferior coal must be the next step toward improving the country's air quality, they said.

Along with the efforts to increase the supply in clean energy, there have been repeated government calls for the adoption of energy-saving equipment, such as more energy-efficient boilers and stoves.

"If the government can replace all old boilers with the more energy-efficient ones, and can forbid the use of inferior coal in rural areas, northern China can cut its carbon emissions by at least 30 percent," said He, the economist.

But that poses a dilemma, said Zhang Lin, a senior analyst of dz18.com, an energy information website. The government cannot force all rural households to use more expensive coal, even if it pollutes less, because "farmers care more about prices".

On average, inferior coal can be cheaper than the good quality variety by 220 yuan per metric ton, Zhang said.

Beijing's municipal government plans to take the lead in ironing out the difficulty. It began in November to allocate 360 million yuan ($56.3 million) to subsidize suburban households that acquire good-quality coal. The subsidy would amount to 800 yuan per ton, said Li Dongwei, a rural development official. The program is expected to run until March.

But it would take five years for Beijing to cut the use of low-quality coal in its suburban areas by 4.3 million tons.

For all provincial governments it is a difficult task to take care of the heating resources for a much larger rural population, He said.

Feng Yinchang, an environmental professor at Nankai University in Tianjin, said the soaring consumption of low-quality coal for heating in rural areas is the major contributor to air pollution in the winter.

It is a problem without an immediate solution. Connecting all villages to central heating would come at immense cost. It might be more realistic to hope that more rural people move to the cities as part of the country's urbanization process.

In some places, "governments can help villagers replace coal with other energy sources, such as electricity and gas", Feng said.

Highlights
Hot Topics
...
波多野结衣办公室双飞_制服 丝袜 综合 日韩 欧美_网站永久看片免费_欧美一级片在线免费观看_免费视频91蜜桃_精产国品一区二区三区_97超碰免费在线观看_欧美做受喷浆在线观看_国产熟妇搡bbbb搡bbbb_麻豆精品国产传媒
在线观看亚洲免费视频| 欧美日韩久久久| 日韩视频免费直播| 天天色综合天天| www.555国产精品免费| 欧美人妇做爰xxxⅹ性高电影| 怡红院av一区二区三区| 91在线视频观看| 色94色欧美sute亚洲线路一ni| 亚洲视频资源在线| 99久久国产综合精品女不卡| 神马午夜精品91| 日韩美女视频一区二区| 99精品一区二区三区| 在线观看视频一区| 亚洲一区二区三区国产| 男人的天堂影院| 日韩欧美国产综合一区 | 国产露脸91国语对白| 麻豆视频免费在线播放| 国产精品无码永久免费888| 国产毛片一区二区| 爱爱视频免费在线观看| 亚洲男同性视频| 午夜福利三级理论电影| 日韩一区二区三区电影在线观看| 青青国产91久久久久久| 一级黄色片网址| 国产精品欧美精品| 91猫先生在线| 欧美一卡2卡3卡4卡| 九九精品一区二区| 老熟妇高潮一区二区三区| 亚洲欧美视频在线观看视频| 麻豆短视频在线观看| 日韩欧美精品在线视频| 一区视频在线播放| 50一60岁老妇女毛片| 欧美日本视频在线| 免费看日韩精品| 性久久久久久久久久| 亚洲一二三级电影| 精品国产一二区| 精品精品欲导航| 成人午夜又粗又硬又大| 欧美日韩一区 二区 三区 久久精品| 视频一区二区三区中文字幕| 久久久久亚洲av无码a片| 欧美激情一区二区三区全黄| 91污片在线观看| 日韩精品一区二区三区蜜臀| 国产mv日韩mv欧美| 9191久久久久久久久久久| 精品一区二区三区久久| 一本一道波多野结衣一区二区 | 日本一区二区三区在线不卡| 9人人澡人人爽人人精品| 91精品在线免费观看| 国产毛片精品国产一区二区三区| 日本韩国一区二区三区| 男男gaygay亚洲| 日本中文字幕免费在线观看 | 在线观看一区不卡| 久久激五月天综合精品| 色天使色偷偷av一区二区| 蜜桃在线一区二区三区| 色综合久久久久久久| 免费在线一区观看| 在线观看中文字幕不卡| 国产一区二区在线影院| 欧美日韩亚洲另类| 国产夫妻精品视频| 欧美另类高清zo欧美| 懂色中文一区二区在线播放| 欧美一激情一区二区三区| 成人黄色一级视频| 精品少妇一区二区| 成年人性生活视频| 国产精品午夜在线| wwwwxxxx国产| 亚洲午夜一区二区三区| 欧美日韩色视频| 美女视频黄免费的久久| 欧美在线你懂的| 国产不卡高清在线观看视频| 欧美不卡123| 亚洲图片欧美另类| 综合久久综合久久| 女人裸体性做爰全过| 日本三级韩国三级欧美三级| 欧美性一级生活| 国产99久久久久| 2023国产一二三区日本精品2022| 极品白嫩的小少妇| 亚洲图片你懂的| 性生交大片免费全黄| 精品一区免费av| 日韩一区二区高清| 久久精品无码专区| 亚洲黄色av一区| 全网免费在线播放视频入口| 国产在线视视频有精品| 欧美成人三级电影在线| 国产精品一区二区无码对白| 亚洲精品欧美激情| 国产精品视频一区二区三 | 国产精品18在线| 久久福利视频一区二区| 91精品婷婷国产综合久久竹菊| 91蜜桃免费观看视频| 日韩伦理av电影| 久久中文免费视频| 福利一区福利二区| 中文字幕二三区不卡| 性少妇xx生活| 国产很黄免费观看久久| 国产亚洲一区二区三区| 中字幕一区二区三区乱码| 免费黄网站欧美| 日韩欧美国产一区二区在线播放 | 日本人妻一区二区三区| 一区二区三区日韩在线观看| 色视频成人在线观看免| av不卡在线观看| 亚洲欧美偷拍卡通变态| 91高清在线观看| 91人妻一区二区三区| 亚洲最色的网站| 欧美日韩国产首页| yjizz视频| 日韩影院免费视频| 日韩欧美一卡二卡| 无码人妻精品一区二区中文| 久久精品国产久精国产| 久久嫩草精品久久久精品| 奇米网一区二区| 国产成人精品免费| **欧美大码日韩| 欧美三级电影网站| 亚洲av熟女高潮一区二区| 日韩**一区毛片| 欧美精品一区视频| 天天爽天天爽天天爽| 成人精品视频一区二区三区| 亚洲蜜臀av乱码久久精品| 欧美色男人天堂| 亚洲av成人无码一二三在线观看| 欧美a一区二区| 国产日韩在线不卡| 色综合天天综合网天天狠天天| 两女双腿交缠激烈磨豆腐 | 老司机av网站| 五月婷婷激情综合网| 精品久久久久一区二区国产| 战狼4完整免费观看在线播放版| www.在线成人| 亚洲第一激情av| 精品国产3级a| 男人与禽猛交狂配| 久久精品aⅴ无码中文字字幕重口| 奇米在线7777在线精品| 国产欧美日韩另类视频免费观看| 午夜写真片福利电影网| 伊人久久一区二区三区| 国内一区二区视频| 亚洲精品久久久蜜桃| 日韩一级黄色片| 久久爱一区二区| 精品人妻一区二区免费| 韩国女主播一区二区三区| 亚洲日韩欧美一区二区在线| 欧美一区日韩一区| 蜜桃av.com| 亚洲成年人在线观看| 激情五月婷婷综合网| 亚洲精品一二三| 欧美xxx久久| 91九色最新地址| 色无极影院亚洲| 97aⅴ精品视频一二三区| 免费成人小视频| 亚洲色图欧美在线| 欧美电影免费提供在线观看| 色综合久久久久综合99| 波多野结衣办公室33分钟| 成人18精品视频| 美女视频免费一区| 亚洲免费视频中文字幕| 精品久久久久久久久久久久包黑料| 亚洲一级免费毛片| 国产毛片久久久久久久| 久久久久久国产精品日本| 狠狠色丁香婷婷综合| 亚洲一级二级三级在线免费观看| 久久久五月婷婷| 欧美疯狂性受xxxxx喷水图片| www.av免费| 国产人妻一区二区| 精品伦一区二区三区| 成人性生交大片免费看视频在线|