波多野结衣办公室双飞_制服 丝袜 综合 日韩 欧美_网站永久看片免费_欧美一级片在线免费观看_免费视频91蜜桃_精产国品一区二区三区_97超碰免费在线观看_欧美做受喷浆在线观看_国产熟妇搡bbbb搡bbbb_麻豆精品国产传媒

  Home>News Center>Life
         
 

Rosa Parks' lifetime struggle for equality
(China Daily)
Updated: 2005-10-26 05:51

Rosa Parks, whose refusal to give up her bus seat to a white man sparked the modern US civil rights movement, has died at age 92.


Rosa Parks, pictured in 1999, the petite black seamstress whose defiance aboard a city bus nearly 50 years ago sparked the US civil rights movement and helped Martin Luther King Junior gain national prominence, died at the age of 92 at her home in Detroit, Michigan.[AFP]
Parks died at her home on Monday evening of natural causes, with close friends by her side, said Gregory Reed, an attorney who represented her for the past 15 years.

Parks was 42 when she committed an act of defiance in 1955 that was to change the course of US history and earn her the title "mother of the civil rights movement."

At that time, segregation laws in place since the post-Civil War Reconstruction required separation of the races in buses, restaurants and public accommodation throughout the South, while legally sanctioned racial discrimination kept blacks out of many jobs and neighbourhoods in the North.

The Montgomery, Alabama, seamstress, an active member of the local chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People, was riding on a city bus on December 1, 1955, when a white man demanded her seat.

Parks refused, despite rules requiring blacks to yield their seats to whites. Two black Montgomery women had been arrested earlier that year on the same charge, but Parks was jailed.

US legislator John Conyers, in whose office Parks worked for more than 20 years, remembered the civil rights leader as someone whose impact on the world was immeasurable, but who never saw herself that way.

Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick said he felt a personal tie to the civil rights icon: "She stood up by sitting down. I'm only standing here because of her."

Former President Bill Clinton praised Rosa Parks as "a woman of great courage, grace and dignity" who "was an inspiration to me and to all who work for the day when we will be one America."

Speaking in 1992, Parks said history too often maintains "that my feet were hurting and I didn't know why I refused to stand up when they told me. But the real reason of my not standing up was I felt that I had a right to be treated as any other passenger. We had endured that kind of treatment for too long."

Her arrest triggered a 381-day boycott of the bus system organized by a then little-known Baptist minister, the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr., who later earned the Nobel Peace Prize for his civil rights work.

"At the time I was arrested I had no idea it would turn into this," Parks said 30 years later. "It was just a day like any other day. The only thing that made it significant was that the masses of the people joined in."

The bus boycott, which came one year after the Supreme Court's landmark declaration that separate schools for blacks and whites were "inherently unequal," marked the start of the modern civil rights movement in the United States.

Landmark decision

The movement culminated in the 1964 federal Civil Rights Act, which banned racial discrimination in public accommodations.

After taking her public stand for civil rights, Parks had trouble finding work in Alabama. Amid threats and harassment, she and her husband Raymond moved to Detroit in 1957. She worked as an aide in Conyers' Detroit office from 1965 until retiring in 1988. Raymond Parks died in 1977.

Rosa Parks became a revered figure in Detroit, where a street and middle school were named after her and a likeness of her was featured in the city's Thanksgiving Day Parade.

Parks said upon retiring from her job with Conyers that she wanted to devote more time to the Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self Development. The institute, incorporated in 1987, is devoted to developing leadership among Detroit's young people and initiating them into the struggle for civil rights.

"Rosa Parks: My Story" was published in February 1992. In 1994 she brought out "Quiet Strength: The Faith, the Hope and the Heart of a Woman Who Changed a Nation," and in 1996 a collection of letters called "Dear Mrs. Parks: A Dialogue With Today's Youth."

In 1996, she received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, awarded to civilians making outstanding contributions to American life. In 1999, she was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal, the nation's highest civilian honour.

Parks received dozens of other awards, ranging from induction into the Alabama Academy of Honour to an NAACP Image Award for her 1999 appearance on CBS television drama series "Touched by an Angel."

The Rosa Parks Library and Museum opened in November 2000 in Montgomery. The museum features a 1955-era bus and a video that recreates the conversation that preceded Parks' arrest.

"Are you going to stand up?" the bus driver asked.

"No," Parks answered.

"Well, by God, I'm going to have you arrested," the driver said.

"You may do that," Parks responded.

Parks' later years were not without difficult moments.

In 1994, Parks' home was invaded by a 28-year-old man who beat her and took US$53. She was treated at a hospital and released. The man, Joseph Skipper, pleaded guilty, blaming the crime on his drug problem.

She was born Rosa Louise McCauley on February 4, 1913, in Tuskegee, Alabama. Family illness interrupted her high school education, but after she married Raymond Parks in 1932, he encouraged her and she earned a diploma in 1934. He also inspired her to become involved in the NAACP.

Looking back in 1988, Parks said she worried that black young people took legal equality for granted.

Older blacks, she said "have tried to shield young people from what we have suffered. And in so doing, we seem to have a more complacent attitude.

"We must double and redouble our efforts to try to say to our youth, to try to give them an inspiration, an incentive and the will to study our heritage and to know what it means to be black in America today."

At a celebration in her honour that same year, she said: "I am leaving this legacy to all of you ... to bring peace, justice, equality, love and a fulfilment of what our lives should be. Without vision, the people will perish, and without courage and inspiration, dreams will die the dream of freedom and peace."

(China Daily 10/26/2005 page7)



Pregnant Holmes announces marriage time
Beauties and dishes
Super girl Li Yuchun
  Today's Top News     Top Life News
 

Ministry: Latest bird flu case 'stamped out'

 

   
 

Hu: China a 'good neighbour' of ASEAN

 

   
 

Duties wrong way on China yuan: Snow

 

   
 

Iran leader calls for Israel's destruction

 

   
 

Village doctors fill breach in HIV control

 

   
 

Experts: 7.6% growth until 2020

 

   
  Rosa Parks' lifetime struggle for equality
   
  Growing pains fade as 'Sunflower' blossoms
   
  Kneeling sisters in Shenzhen to sue
   
  Gold mah-jong sets spark online debate
   
  China puts glory before honour at National Games
   
  Rails seizure shakes a nation's conscience
   
 
  Go to Another Section  
 
 
  Story Tools  
   
  Related Stories  
   
US civil rights pioneer Rosa Parks, 92, dies
  Feature  
  Could China's richest be the tax cheaters?  
Advertisement
         
波多野结衣办公室双飞_制服 丝袜 综合 日韩 欧美_网站永久看片免费_欧美一级片在线免费观看_免费视频91蜜桃_精产国品一区二区三区_97超碰免费在线观看_欧美做受喷浆在线观看_国产熟妇搡bbbb搡bbbb_麻豆精品国产传媒
亚洲成人免费视频| 91丨九色porny丨蝌蚪| 中文字幕免费在线播放| 欧洲亚洲精品在线| 亚洲欧洲成人自拍| 不卡的看片网站| 国产精品视频一区二区三| 国产亚洲污的网站| 久久99国产精品麻豆| av在线网站观看| 欧美成人在线直播| 免费黄网站欧美| 在线免费观看成年人视频| 日韩一区二区三区免费观看| 亚洲成av人片在线| 星空大象在线观看免费播放| 4438x亚洲最大成人网| 亚洲电影第三页| 中文字幕一区二区三区乱码不卡| 欧美三级电影网站| 五月综合激情网| 99re久久精品国产| 欧美刺激午夜性久久久久久久| 美女网站一区二区| 亚洲精品色午夜无码专区日韩| 精品国产乱码久久久久久浪潮| 美美哒免费高清在线观看视频一区二区 | 欧美久久高跟鞋激| 午夜精品免费在线| 亚洲做受高潮无遮挡| 337p粉嫩大胆色噜噜噜噜亚洲| 精品无人码麻豆乱码1区2区 | 好吊日免费视频| 亚洲精品在线网站| 国产精品一区三区| 麻豆视频在线免费看| 一区二区三区在线看| 国产精品无码在线| 国产欧美中文在线| 91视频国产资源| 91精品国产乱码久久蜜臀| 久久99久久久欧美国产| 成人在线观看免费完整| 亚洲一区二区视频在线观看| 懂色av粉嫩av蜜乳av| 国产欧美一区二区精品性色超碰| 成人免费毛片嘿嘿连载视频| 欧美丝袜丝交足nylons| 日韩成人午夜精品| 国产精品suv一区二区88| 亚洲视频一二三区| 视频免费在线观看| 国产欧美精品区一区二区三区| www.亚洲激情.com| 777奇米四色成人影色区| 久久成人免费网| 91久久一区二区| 日韩电影在线免费| 亚洲女同二女同志奶水| 亚洲综合视频网| 手机毛片在线观看| 亚洲黄色免费网站| 国产精品扒开腿做爽爽| 中文字幕一区不卡| 97人妻天天摸天天爽天天| 国产精品久久综合| 日b视频在线观看| 国产精品女主播在线观看| 在线黄色免费网站| 欧美国产日韩在线观看| 亚洲国产精品狼友在线观看| 久久久久88色偷偷免费| 国产免费a级片| 欧美国产综合色视频| 黄色免费看视频| 国产精品久久久久久久久久久免费看 | 99久久久无码国产精品衣服| 亚洲美女淫视频| 非洲一级黄色片| 亚洲在线观看免费视频| 中文字幕第69页| 日韩影视精彩在线| 色女孩综合影院| 国产综合色在线视频区| 欧美区一区二区三区| 成人晚上爱看视频| 欧美成人精品福利| 少妇极品熟妇人妻无码| 中文字幕视频一区| 极品尤物一区二区| 日韩电影一二三区| 欧美亚洲精品一区| 风间由美一区二区av101 | 欧美熟妇精品一区二区| 中文字幕成人网| 亚洲区自拍偷拍| 性做久久久久久免费观看| 色综合天天视频在线观看| 经典三级视频一区| 欧美一二区视频| 日本少妇一级片| 亚洲欧洲精品成人久久奇米网| 9.1片黄在线观看| 蜜桃传媒麻豆第一区在线观看| 欧美日韩免费一区二区三区 | 亚洲成人动漫在线观看| 色综合久久天天| 国产成人精品影院| 久久精品一级爱片| 久久只有这里有精品| 日精品一区二区| 欧美日韩aaaaa| 人妻体体内射精一区二区| 亚洲天天做日日做天天谢日日欢| 一级黄色毛毛片| 九九九久久久精品| 精品国产髙清在线看国产毛片| 波多野结衣一二三区| 亚洲国产日韩一级| 欧美三级三级三级爽爽爽| 99久久精品情趣| 中文字幕一区在线观看视频| 中文字幕无码日韩专区免费 | 激情亚洲综合在线| 欧美电视剧在线观看完整版| 可以直接看的无码av| 蜜臀av一区二区在线观看| 日韩一区二区在线看| av无码一区二区三区| 首页国产欧美久久| 日韩亚洲欧美综合| 好吊日免费视频| 韩国欧美国产一区| 国产视频视频一区| 26uuu成人网| av一区二区三区黑人| 亚洲精品视频在线观看免费| 欧美性欧美巨大黑白大战| 国产大学生av| 性做久久久久久免费观看欧美| 欧美一区二区性放荡片| 少妇特黄一区二区三区| 激情图片小说一区| 欧美国产禁国产网站cc| 性色av无码久久一区二区三区| 成人h动漫精品| 一区二区三区欧美日| 欧美久久久影院| 精品人伦一区二区三电影| 国产在线不卡一卡二卡三卡四卡| 亚洲国产精品高清| 色爱区综合激月婷婷| 亚洲乱妇老熟女爽到高潮的片| 日韩精品一二三区| 久久精品一区八戒影视| 91杏吧porn蝌蚪| 国产调教打屁股xxxx网站| 日韩不卡一二三区| 国产亚洲短视频| 91精品办公室少妇高潮对白| 91丨porny丨对白| 精品一区二区三区久久| 国产精品久久福利| 欧美精品色一区二区三区| av黄色在线免费观看| 不卡的av在线播放| 午夜视频在线观看一区二区| 欧美精品一区二区三区一线天视频 | 亚洲午夜久久久久久久国产| 成人在线视频一区| 亚洲第一在线综合网站| 精品国产99国产精品| 国产va在线播放| 强迫凌虐淫辱の牝奴在线观看| 国产精品一区二区视频| 亚洲免费av高清| xnxx国产精品| 在线观看日韩一区| 亚洲熟妇一区二区三区| 成人av免费在线播放| 丝袜诱惑制服诱惑色一区在线观看| 久久久精品欧美丰满| 欧美视频一区二区三区四区| 日本一级免费视频| 国产裸体视频网站| 国产麻豆一精品一av一免费 | 亚洲精品中文字幕在线观看| 日韩情涩欧美日韩视频| 九九热最新地址| 欲求不满的岳中文字幕| 成人网男人的天堂| 毛片av一区二区| 亚洲美女屁股眼交| 久久久综合九色合综国产精品| 欧美亚洲动漫另类| 中文字幕伦理片| 美女黄色一级视频| 成人短视频下载| 九色综合狠狠综合久久| 亚洲国产精品精华液网站|