波多野结衣办公室双飞_制服 丝袜 综合 日韩 欧美_网站永久看片免费_欧美一级片在线免费观看_免费视频91蜜桃_精产国品一区二区三区_97超碰免费在线观看_欧美做受喷浆在线观看_国产熟妇搡bbbb搡bbbb_麻豆精品国产传媒

USEUROPEAFRICAASIA 中文雙語Fran?ais
China
Home / China / China

Tomb's story of love, exile, life and death

By Zhao Xu | China Daily Europe | Updated: 2017-05-28 08:23

Remains testify to battle for power lasting nearly 30 years

Asked to name one particular funerary object he remembers most clearly, Sun Xianbao, who took part in excavating the Dingling Mausoleum in Beijing 60 years ago, cites a pair of jade rabbit earrings.

The rabbits, set in gold and with ruby stones as their eyes, once dangled from the ears of Empress Xiaojing - when she was buried in 1603. Married to Emperor Wanli, she had the good fortune to give birth to a son who ultimately succeeded his father, but also the misfortune of falling out of the emperor's favor after their fleeting relationship.

The Dingling Mausoleum in northwestern Beijing is the burial ground that Wanli built for himself and shared with his two empresses, including Xiaojing.

 Tomb's story of love, exile, life and death

Rabbit earring worn by Empress Xiaojing upon the opening of the coffin. Photos Provided to China Daily

Despite being banished to a corner of the Forbidden City out of her husband's sight, Empress Xiaojing - Xiaojing being the funerary title of the empress, whose surname was Wang, but whose full name remains a mystery - by virtue of being the mother of Wanli's eldest son, for much of her life remained at the center of a power struggle, in which there would be no winner.

Hu Hansheng, a historian who specializes in Ming imperial mausoleums, says: "When Xiaojing became pregnant in 1581, she was just 16 and a lady-in-waiting for the emperor's mother. Her pregnancy deeply embarrassed Wanli, who had no choice but to confer on her the title of consort. That was the beginning of her ordeal."

When another consort, surnamed Zheng and whom Wanli favored over Xaojing, produced another boy, in 1586, the emperor's emotional scale tipped drastically toward the younger son.

For nearly 20 years the emperor tried to make this younger son his legal successor, Hu says.

"This was despite the strong resistance from everyone - including the entire court and the emperor's own mother - who believed in the eldest son's birthright to the throne."

The emperor eventually came out on the losing side in this battle of wills, and Xiaojing's son became the crown prince in 1601, when he was 20. It would not be for another 19 years that he would ascend to the throne, where he would remain for no more than two months, seemingly having been worn down by the epic struggle to claim his right.

His mother, Empress Xiaojing, was spared this tragic end, having died in 1603, still confined to her own corner, almost blind and fearful for her son's future. (Those fears turned out to be well founded. Her son, the crown prince, confronted an intruder in his palace in 1615, and the man, waving a stick, hit a guard before being captured. Although the intruder was declared to be insane and was executed, it was widely believed by then that Consort Zheng and her cohort were behind the intrusion and thwarted attack.)

In fact, when Xiaojing died it was not as an empress. In 1620, 17 years after her death, Emperor Wanli bade his own reluctant farewell to the world, followed by Xiaojing's son, the new emperor, six weeks later. When Emperor Xizong, Xiaojing's grandson, ascended to the throne in September that year, he decided to honor his long-suffering late grandmother with another burial - this time as an empress instead of a mere consort (concubine) and together with the emperor.

Also buried was Wanli's real and only empress in life, Empress Xiaoduan, who died earlier that same year, in April 1620, at age 56. Unlike Consort Zheng, history has cast Xiaoduan as a woman with a big heart, the protector of Xiaojing's son.

"The coffin of Xiaojing was relocated to the Dingling Mausoleum, from its original burial place about 5 kilometers away," Hu said.

In 1957, when members of the excavation team entered the underground tomb, they initially saw little: the first chamber was empty, with a stone floor covered by rotted wooden boards. A deep rut in the floor suggested that the coffins had been carried inside by carriages.

Three stone thrones were laid out in a half circle in the second and the middle chamber, symbolizing the emperor and his two empresses. In front of the thrones were yellow glass vases and giant blue porcelain ones - sacrificial offerings to the deceased.

"The blue vases were filled with solid beeswax in which half-burned candlewicks were planted," Sun says. "This is what ancient Chinese called 'the eternal light'. The candlewicks may have burned for some time after the stone gate was closed in 1620, but eventually went out due to lack of oxygen."

On both sides of the middle room were ancillary chambers - largely vacant with an elevated stone deathbed in each room. There was no coffin.

"Historians believe that the 'beds' were once for the coffins of low-level concubines of a Ming emperor, who were forced to hang themselves at their master's death," Sun says.

"But that was before Emperor Yingzong, the eighth emperor of Ming, also a tragic one, officially banned human sacrifice."

Then, there was the third and the innermost chamber, where the giant red-lacquered wooden coffins of the emperor and his empresses were housed. There, the posthumously ordained Empress Xiaojing lay quietly, but unmistakably, beside her husband. (Empress Xiaoduan's coffin lay at the other side.)

Sun, who was standing right beside the three coffins when they were opened, had a close view of the corpses.

"The hairpins Xiaojing wore were mostly made of jade, and Xiaoduan's were gold. As for the emperor, he was wearing a black bamboo-woven hat with gold dragon decorations. Judging from the bones, he had a long narrow face and mustache, not tall at all - probably about 164 cm, and slightly hunchbacked."

At the time the emperor received his uninvited guests, Consort Zheng, whom many today believe was the true love of his life, lay solitarily in her own tomb, about 3 kilometers away. During her life, she was viewed as a threat not only to Xiaojing's son, but also to the entire succession of the ruling family.

And as a concubine, she had no right to be buried with the emperor.

For the last 10 years of her life, Zheng endured loneliness in a corner of the Forbidden City, in very much the same way as Empress Xiaojing, her invisible adversary, once had. Her beloved son had long been dispatched to his own fiefdom thousands of kilometers away.

Zheng died at age 65 in 1630, 14 years before the Ming Dynasty fell.

Hu says: "If the word tragedy sums up the lives of Wanli's wives - either his loved one or his unloved ones - it is the word irony that sums up him, in life and in death."

Editor's picks
Copyright 1995 - . All rights reserved. The content (including but not limited to text, photo, multimedia information, etc) published in this site belongs to China Daily Information Co (CDIC). Without written authorization from CDIC, such content shall not be republished or used in any form. Note: Browsers with 1024*768 or higher resolution are suggested for this site.
License for publishing multimedia online 0108263

Registration Number: 130349
FOLLOW US
波多野结衣办公室双飞_制服 丝袜 综合 日韩 欧美_网站永久看片免费_欧美一级片在线免费观看_免费视频91蜜桃_精产国品一区二区三区_97超碰免费在线观看_欧美做受喷浆在线观看_国产熟妇搡bbbb搡bbbb_麻豆精品国产传媒
中文字幕亚洲一区二区va在线| 99久久国产综合精品女不卡| 成人免费无码大片a毛片| 欧美日韩国产高清一区二区三区 | 亚洲综合在线观看视频| av一区二区三区四区| 国内偷拍精品视频| 中文字幕一区在线观看视频| 成人在线综合网| 国产一二三区精品| 国产精品第13页| av电影在线观看不卡| 一本一道综合狠狠老| 亚洲三级电影全部在线观看高清| 91在线小视频| 欧美日韩mp4| 日日夜夜精品免费视频| 日韩乱码人妻无码中文字幕久久| 久久综合给合久久狠狠狠97色69| 国产一区二区精品久久99| 亚洲一二三四五六区| 国产精品毛片久久久久久| av一区二区三区| 在线观看国产一区二区| 亚洲一区在线免费观看| 精品黑人一区二区三区观看时间| 精品久久一二三区| 国产精品一区二区久久不卡| 91在线播放观看| 亚洲一区影音先锋| 亚洲av成人片色在线观看高潮| 精品国产精品网麻豆系列| 极品少妇xxxx精品少妇| 久久久精品少妇| 伊人色综合久久天天人手人婷| 男人网站在线观看| 久久亚洲捆绑美女| 成人福利视频网站| 欧美日韩国产在线观看| 青青草成人在线观看| 一本在线免费视频| 一区二区三区精品在线| 在线观看日韩精品视频| 中文字幕第一区第二区| 国产成人av免费观看| 日韩欧美亚洲一区二区| 国产成人精品影院| 欧美日韩一区二区在线观看| 久久精品99国产精品| avtt天堂在线| 日韩成人精品在线观看| 顶臀精品视频www| 亚洲观看高清完整版在线观看 | 亚洲无线码一区二区三区| 成年人在线观看av| 亚洲欧洲一区二区三区| 中出视频在线观看| 国产精品蜜臀av| yjizz视频| 亚洲国产成人午夜在线一区| 日本泡妞xxxx免费视频软件| 26uuu亚洲综合色欧美| 91年精品国产| 久久久久久一二三区| 潘金莲一级淫片aaaaaaa| 精品免费一区二区三区| 91丨九色丨黑人外教| www成人在线观看| 日本女人性视频| 亚洲国产精品成人综合色在线婷婷 | 日韩av不卡一区二区| 国产稀缺精品盗摄盗拍| 日本特黄久久久高潮| 深夜福利影院在线观看| 麻豆91在线观看| 欧美日韩中文字幕一区二区| 国产麻豆成人精品| 欧美一区二区视频观看视频 | 在线观看av一区| 国产尤物一区二区| 欧美丰满少妇xxxxx高潮对白| 高清不卡一区二区| 日韩精品一区二| 美女又黄又免费的视频| 国产精品乱码人人做人人爱| 国产男男chinese网站| 一区二区三区不卡视频 | 亚洲欧美日韩国产手机在线| 一级黄色录像毛片| 午夜精品久久久久久久久久| 91成人在线观看喷潮| 国产精品香蕉一区二区三区| 日韩一级大片在线观看| 91麻豆免费观看| 中文字幕不卡一区| 欧洲美一区二区三区亚洲| 性欧美大战久久久久久久久| 色视频欧美一区二区三区| 国产毛片精品国产一区二区三区| 日韩一区二区免费视频| 国产成人精品一区二区三区在线观看| 中文字幕一区二区三区四区不卡| 黄色片网站免费| 麻豆成人91精品二区三区| 欧美一区二区三区免费大片| 免费黄视频在线观看| 亚洲久草在线视频| 国产精品久久久精品四季影院| 精品制服美女久久| 精品国产乱码久久久久久浪潮 | 91视频综合网| 国产成人免费xxxxxxxx| 国产欧美精品国产国产专区| 日本一级免费视频| 麻豆精品在线视频| 精品国产凹凸成av人导航| 国产精品无码网站| 日本成人在线网站| 日韩欧美中文字幕公布| 亚洲av片不卡无码久久| 亚洲高清中文字幕| 337p亚洲精品色噜噜噜| 91人人澡人人爽| 亚洲国产精品一区二区www| 欧美三级三级三级| 美女流白浆视频| 亚洲国产cao| 日韩亚洲欧美综合| 国产真实乱人偷精品人妻| 麻豆精品国产传媒mv男同| 精品噜噜噜噜久久久久久久久试看 | 最近中文字幕免费| 激情欧美一区二区| 日本一区二区三区久久久久久久久不| 91久久久久久久久久久久久久| 国产suv精品一区二区6| 国产精品久久久久久久午夜片| 中文字幕在线有码| 人妻巨大乳一二三区| 亚洲国产精品久久不卡毛片 | 欧美疯狂做受xxxx富婆| 亚洲精品乱码久久久久久不卡| 日本va欧美va精品| 久久伊人蜜桃av一区二区| 国产又粗又猛又爽又黄的视频四季| 国产精品中文字幕一区二区三区| 国产精品你懂的在线| 在线国产亚洲欧美| 一级黄色免费视频| 老司机精品视频在线| 国产校园另类小说区| 国产suv一区二区三区| 91麻豆免费观看| 日本不卡一二三区黄网| 久久久久国产精品麻豆| 一本色道久久加勒比精品| 久久人妻少妇嫩草av蜜桃| 琪琪一区二区三区| 欧美激情一区二区在线| 2018天天弄| 中文字幕在线播放视频| 国产在线播精品第三| 亚洲日本中文字幕区| 日韩一卡二卡三卡国产欧美| 精品丰满少妇一区二区三区| 99视频精品在线| 日韩高清一区在线| 国产欧美一区二区三区网站| 一级黄色录像视频| 亚洲啪av永久无码精品放毛片| 久久国产精品99久久人人澡| 一区精品在线播放| 欧美一区二区三区在线电影| 久久久久麻豆v国产| 中文字幕avav| 久久er99精品| 亚洲精品国产视频| 精品福利一二区| 在线影视一区二区三区| 免费观看av网站| 99国产精品国产精品毛片| 免费成人av在线播放| 日韩美女啊v在线免费观看| 欧美一区二区三区小说| 日韩a级片在线观看| 中文字幕国产综合| 少妇丰满尤物大尺度写真| 国产一区二区三区免费看| 亚洲一区二区三区四区在线 | 亚洲成人av免费| 日本一区免费视频| 91精品国产一区二区三区| 国产女人18水真多毛片18精品| 国产肉体xxxx裸体784大胆| 99久久久国产精品| 久久国产人妖系列| 亚洲高清不卡在线观看| 中文字幕一区二区视频| 亚洲精品一线二线三线无人区| 欧美日韩一级二级|