波多野结衣办公室双飞_制服 丝袜 综合 日韩 欧美_网站永久看片免费_欧美一级片在线免费观看_免费视频91蜜桃_精产国品一区二区三区_97超碰免费在线观看_欧美做受喷浆在线观看_国产熟妇搡bbbb搡bbbb_麻豆精品国产传媒

您現在的位置: > Language Tips > Audio & Video > Normal Speed News  
 





  Students document a disappearing language
[ 2006-05-29 09:58 ]

In the highlands of southwest Kenya, about a million and a half people speak an unwritten language called Kisii. Halfway around the world from the coffee and maize farms of Kisii district, students at the University of New Hampshire are developing a rulebook for the language. They have only the help of one transplanted native speaker. And he's learning just as much about Kisii as they are.

In a typical session, seven linguistics students gather around Henry Gekonde and pepper him with questions. "Can you say that it's 'not red' in Kisii?" asks one. "Yeah," he responds, "You can say yaya teri mbariri. Yaya means no."

Gekonde grew up in Kenya, speaking Kisii at home. The students are trying to learn as much as they can from him about his native tongue. Over the past several months, they have developed a keen ear for a language that none of them had ever heard before. They transcribe Gekonde's answers using the International Phonetic Alphabet, just about as quickly as he speaks. Today, they are trying to understand how to say "not" in Kisii.

Aside from a translation of the Bible and a few children's books, the class has been unable to find anything written in Kisii.

The purpose of this linguistics course is to teach students how to document a largely unknown language. And with the semester coming to a close, the students have made considerable progress. They started with simply collecting the sounds Kisii uses, and translating vocabulary. Now they've got the basic sentence structure down. It is the same as English: subject, verb, direct object.

But Adam Jardine says he and his classmates have also uncovered some bewildering differences. "It's kind of like in French and Spanish where there's a masculine/feminine distinction. In Kisii, there (are) 8 of those distinctions. So depending on what type of noun a word is, all these different things in the sentence change."

Another difference is that Kisii does not have the verb "to be". It does, however, have many different past tenses.

All of these complexities were also somewhat of a surprise to Henry Gekonde, who admits he didn't really analyze his language until now. "Even the way it works -- the tenses, the noun system and all that -- I never thought about that. I'm uncovering things about Kisii that I didn't know before. And for some of the questions that the students ask me, I don't really have an answer." He says it's very exciting. "We're figuring it out together."

Gekonde never learned about Kisii grammar. Kenyan schools teach only the country's dominant languages, Swahili and English. "It's a dying language anyway, not that many people speak it," he says, adding, "it's not used in academic research or work or writing, so what's the point of studying it?"

To preserve it, according to linguistics professor Naomi Nagy, who teaches this class. There are very few texts that describe anything of Kisii grammar, she says, adding that even though Kisii is not included on the endangered list, hundreds of unwritten languages are at risk of going extinct within the next hundred years. "I think that a really important step for people who are trying to preserve endangered languages is to get the speakers of those languages to realize that their language is just as good."

So Professor Nagy asked Henry Gekonde to be the subject of her language documentation class. He says he was happy to do it. He sees Kisii eroding among the younger generation in Kenya, and being replaced by English. Gekonde's hope is that documenting Kisii will help keep his native language alive?and with it, the Kisii way of interpreting the world. "You have computers and cars and things like that. That makes you view the world in a different way," he explains. "We have bananas and maize and walks to the market on foot, lots of rain, and we have words that describe that lifestyle that people lead, and that's the way we view the world. That's really what distinguishes us from people who speak other languages."

Henry Gekonde says he's determined to preserve those distinctions. Although he came to the University of New Hampshire as a linguistics graduate student to study English, he now plans to return to Kenya to develop the first Kisii dictionary.

Vocabulary:

rulebook  : 規則手冊;說明

pepper  : 連續質問


(來源:VOA 英語點津姍姍編輯


 

 
 
 




波多野结衣办公室双飞_制服 丝袜 综合 日韩 欧美_网站永久看片免费_欧美一级片在线免费观看_免费视频91蜜桃_精产国品一区二区三区_97超碰免费在线观看_欧美做受喷浆在线观看_国产熟妇搡bbbb搡bbbb_麻豆精品国产传媒
久久精品国产一区二区| 中文字幕有码在线播放| 色婷婷综合久久| 国产精品视频第一区| 国产在线一区二区| 国产美女永久免费无遮挡| 日韩欧美一级在线播放| 视频一区二区中文字幕| 午夜视频在线观看国产| 7777精品伊人久久久大香线蕉最新版 | 亚洲成人自拍网| 三上悠亚 电影| 精品视频1区2区| 亚洲国产日韩在线一区模特| 美女又黄又免费的视频| 欧美日韩久久久久久| 亚洲国产精品尤物yw在线观看| 中文字幕一二三区| 欧美久久一区二区| 视频在线在亚洲| 无码h肉动漫在线观看| 久久亚洲捆绑美女| 国产成人午夜视频| 亚洲天堂黄色片| 最新欧美精品一区二区三区| 91在线观看免费视频| 欧美视频中文字幕| 日韩—二三区免费观看av| 波多野结衣办公室33分钟| 久久综合九色欧美综合狠狠| 国产乱码精品一区二区三区av | 久久久久国产精品人| 国产剧情一区二区| 一本色道a无线码一区v| 亚洲一区二区三区四区在线观看 | 亚洲 自拍 另类 欧美 丝袜| 欧美精品第一页| 奇米一区二区三区| 欧美日韩生活片| 成人欧美一区二区三区白人 | 国产亚洲视频系列| 成人av动漫网站| 欧美精品一级二级| 精品无人区卡一卡二卡三乱码免费卡| www.黄色com| 亚洲靠逼com| 一区二区三区少妇| 国产日韩视频一区二区三区| 97久久精品人人做人人爽| 69久久99精品久久久久婷婷| 精油按摩中文字幕久久| 亚洲最大的黄色网址| 午夜伊人狠狠久久| 国产无遮挡在线观看| 亚洲伦在线观看| a级在线观看视频| 国产精品视频一二三| 日本一区二区免费视频| 国产亚洲人成网站| 丰满少妇一区二区三区专区 | 国产一区二区美女| 欧美无砖砖区免费| 国内精品自线一区二区三区视频| 在线欧美一区二区| 久久99精品国产| 在线免费观看日韩欧美| 久久精品72免费观看| 色94色欧美sute亚洲线路一久 | 粉嫩在线一区二区三区视频| 欧美日韩不卡一区二区| 国产精品一品视频| 91麻豆精品国产91久久久 | 韩国毛片一区二区三区| 欧美亚一区二区| 国产毛片精品国产一区二区三区| 欧美日韩一区二区三区高清| 狠狠狠色丁香婷婷综合激情 | 丁香亚洲综合激情啪啪综合| 欧美另类videos死尸| 粉嫩嫩av羞羞动漫久久久| 欧美一区二区三区播放老司机| 国产成人av一区二区| 欧美一区二区三区视频在线 | 亚洲午夜成aⅴ人片| 日日碰狠狠添天天爽| 日韩制服丝袜av| 色久优优欧美色久优优| 国内精品伊人久久久久影院对白| 欧美丝袜第三区| 成人免费毛片app| 久久网站最新地址| 三级黄色片网站| 亚洲影院免费观看| 国产女人18水真多毛片18精品| 蜜桃久久久久久久| 在线播放/欧美激情| 91在线精品秘密一区二区| 国产欧美一区二区精品秋霞影院 | 一区二区三区在线免费视频| 美女视频久久久| 精品一区二区三区在线观看| 欧美精品乱码久久久久久按摩| 99久久精品国产网站| 国产精品麻豆久久久| 真实乱视频国产免费观看| 日韩 欧美一区二区三区| 欧美日韩一区久久| 99久久精品免费看国产 | 91一区二区三区在线观看| 亚洲国产精品精华液ab| 精品国产aaa| 久久99久国产精品黄毛片色诱| 日韩一级完整毛片| 国产伦精品一区二区免费| 一级做a爱片久久| 欧美性色黄大片| 四川一级毛毛片| 亚洲乱码国产乱码精品精可以看 | 日韩大尺度视频| 亚洲精选一二三| 91成人在线观看喷潮| 91在线视频免费91| 亚洲四区在线观看| 色94色欧美sute亚洲线路一久| 成人av电影在线观看| 国产精品久久久久7777按摩| 91狠狠综合久久久| 成人免费黄色在线| 中文字幕亚洲在| 色狠狠av一区二区三区| 91同城在线观看| 亚洲综合在线视频| 欧美日韩国产在线观看| 四虎精品一区二区| 日韩av电影一区| 久久综合五月天婷婷伊人| 男人的天堂官网| 国产成人精品亚洲777人妖| 国产精品区一区二区三区| 老熟妻内射精品一区| 99久久久精品| 亚洲电影第三页| 日韩欧美亚洲另类制服综合在线 | 亚洲国产精品久久一线不卡| 欧美日韩精品一区二区三区蜜桃| 韩国三级在线看| 丝袜国产日韩另类美女| 欧美tk—视频vk| 成人性视频免费看| 成人综合婷婷国产精品久久蜜臀 | 国产精品毛片a∨一区二区三区 | 韩国精品主播一区二区在线观看 | 欧美成人精品1314www| 日韩欧美黄色网址| 成人v精品蜜桃久久一区| 亚洲黄色性网站| 91麻豆精品国产自产在线| 成人片黄网站色大片免费毛片| 国产永久精品大片wwwapp| 亚洲欧洲国产日韩| 欧美狂野另类xxxxoooo| 国产高清一区二区三区四区| 国产98色在线|日韩| 一区二区三区 在线观看视频| 欧美一区永久视频免费观看| 性高潮久久久久久久| 成人黄色综合网站| 天天综合色天天综合色h| 久久欧美一区二区| 色国产精品一区在线观看| 欧美一区二区免费在线观看| 国内一区二区在线| 亚洲精品免费在线观看| 欧美大胆人体bbbb| 日本黄色片免费观看| 无码国产69精品久久久久网站| 国内精品嫩模私拍在线| 亚洲欧美另类小说| 欧美电影免费观看高清完整版| 国产精品99久久久久久成人| 97精品人人妻人人| 国产精品一品视频| 偷窥少妇高潮呻吟av久久免费| 国产欧美一区二区三区鸳鸯浴| 欧美日精品一区视频| 国产精品久久久视频| 图片区偷拍区小说区| 国产美女在线观看一区| 亚洲午夜在线电影| 中文字幕免费观看一区| 91精品国产91久久久久久最新毛片| 一级性生活免费视频| 三级男人添奶爽爽爽视频| 成人av中文字幕| 久久99国产精品久久| 亚洲夂夂婷婷色拍ww47| 日本一区二区三区在线不卡 | 日本欧美大码aⅴ在线播放| 中文字幕在线视频一区| 日韩精品一区二区三区在线观看 |