波多野结衣办公室双飞_制服 丝袜 综合 日韩 欧美_网站永久看片免费_欧美一级片在线免费观看_免费视频91蜜桃_精产国品一区二区三区_97超碰免费在线观看_欧美做受喷浆在线观看_国产熟妇搡bbbb搡bbbb_麻豆精品国产传媒

您現在的位置: > Language Tips > Audio & Video > Special Speed News  
 





 
Efforts needed to protect children againt polio
[ 2006-10-26 08:55 ]

VOICE ONE:

This is SCIENCE IN THE NEWS, in VOA Special English. I’m Bob Doughty.

VOICE TWO:

And I’m Faith Lapidus. This week, we tell about efforts to defeat the disease polio. Polio is spreading again after almost disappearing.

(MUSIC)

VOICE ONE:

Experts say hundreds of thousands of people could get polio unless the disease is stopped in areas where it has always been present. They also say political and financial support is needed to fight polio.

Doctors advising the World Health Organization met recently in Geneva, Switzerland. They reported that Afghanistan, India, Nigeria and Pakistan have endemic polio. That means poliovirus is continually present there. The experts warned that this presence threatens almost two hundred countries now free of the virus. Polio spreads easily from person to person. It easily crosses national borders.

VOICE TWO:

Conference chairman Steve Cochi said the countries with endemic polio can defeat the disease. But Doctor Cochi said political leaders need to help. He noted progress in Afghanistan after Afghan President Hamid Karzai organized a polio advisory group. Conflict in southern Afghanistan has harmed efforts to provide children with anti-polio medicine called a vaccine.

About 70 percent of the world’s polio cases are in Nigeria. Almost nine hundred new cases have been reported there this year. The new cases are mainly in northern Nigeria. Problems there helped delay the goal of ending the threat from polio by 2007.

VOICE ONE:

False reports had been spreading in northern Nigeria. The reports said a campaign to provide polio vaccines was really a plot to harm Muslims. As a result, the vaccinations stopped for about a year. That was in 2003 and 2004. Many new cases then developed.

Polio from Nigeria spread as far as Indonesia. For this reason, a special vaccination program took place in Nigeria last month.

In India, the number of polio cases has increased almost ten times compared to the same period last year. Poor areas of Uttar Pradesh Province are responsible for much of the increase. Pakistan has about the same number of cases this year as it did in the same period last year.

VOICE TWO:

Yagob Yousef Al-Mazrou is an advisory committee member and represents Saudi Arabia’s Ministry of Health. He says his nation is concerned about visitors spreading the virus. Millions of people arrive in Saudi Arabia each year for the Islamic religious event called the Hajj.

Doctor Al-Mazrou said his nation now requires evidence of vaccination for visitors from polio-affected countries. Children from those countries are given polio vaccines at the Saudi border. This is true even if they had been vaccinated earlier.

VOICE ONE:

Robert Scott represented the Global Polio Eradication Initiative at the conference. The group has been working against polio for almost twenty years. During that period, the world polio rate has fallen by more than 99 percent.

Doctor Scott placed importance on the need for the international community to provide money for vaccination campaigns. The doctor is an official of Rotary International, a service organization and Initiative member. Rotary has given millions of dollars to fight polio.

(MUSIC)

VOICE TWO:

In the 1990s, it seemed that modern medicine might soon defeat polio. Health officials set 2000 as a target date for the end of new cases. But before anyone could celebrate, more cases were reported. Officials re-set the date for defeating polio to 2005. Then they delayed again, to 2007. Still, the disease keeps spreading.

But polio fighters keep striking back. As part of that effort, the World Health Organization launched a campaign in eastern Africa in September. It was the largest such attempt ever made in several countries at once. More than three million children were protected against the disease within a few days.

VOICE ONE:

Prevention is important because antibiotic drugs cannot help after someone is infected. Antibiotics can kill only bacteria, not viruses.

Poliovirus spreads from person to person. Its victims often are young children. But adults also get polio. Many people are infected without knowing it. They may have just a higher than normal body temperature and pain in the throat. But polio sometimes attacks the central nervous system. In just hours, polio patients may not be able to stand or walk. And, some die.

VOICE TWO:

Children who received vaccines in the recent Africa campaign live along the borders of Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia. Some roads in eastern Africa were not passable. But health workers used horses and other animals to reach the children. The workers provided each child with two drops of the vaccine by mouth.

Almost one million children received the vaccine in Ethiopia. That nation reported 37 polio cases since December of 2004. The children live in areas that share borders with Somalia and Kenya.

Finding all the children who needed the vaccine was difficult. Recent flooding in Ethiopia and Somalia displaced many people. Somalia and northern Kenya also have many communities of people who move from place to place.

VOICE ONE:

Until 2005, Somalia had not had any polio cases for three years. But then, 250 people became sick with the disease. Officials say the virus came from Yemen.

Health workers attempted to reach more than 1500,000 children on the Somali side of the Ethiopian border. Health conditions are poor in Somalia, which has no effective central government. Special efforts were made to include children in areas near the borders with Ethiopia and Kenya.

In northern Kenya, 250,000 children were vaccinated. Kenya last week reported its first case of polio in more than 20 years. The patient is a three-year-old Somali girl born in a refugee camp in Kenya. She had received a polio vaccine and had never been in Somalia.

VOICE TWO:

The World Health Organization says many people gave their time so that all the children could be reached. Groups of women and young people helped. Religious leaders and teachers assisted members of governmental and non-governmental agencies.

The campaign was the first of three large campaigns for the Horn of Africa that the W.H.O. hopes to launch this year. At present, however, 50 million dollars is needed to pay for vaccinations in November and December. The organization says without this money, more children will be unable to walk without help. About five to ten percent of those who lose use of their arms or legs also lose their ability to breathe without support and die.

(MUSIC)

VOICE ONE:

The W.H.O. says the Global Polio Eradication Initiative is the largest public health campaign ever organized. Its main supporters include national governments and UNICEF, the United Nations Children’s Fund. Another supporter is America’s Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Even with the recent cases of polio, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative has made a big difference. Eighteen years ago, 125 countries reported three hundred fifty thousand polio cases. This year, about 1,200 people have been infected.

Wild poliovirus passes freely from person to person. It spreads through mouth fluids, waste material, and water systems. Another kind of polio is rare. That kind happens when unexpected genetic changes take place in the Oral Polio Vaccine.

VOICE TWO:

The success of the first polio vaccine was announced in 1955. American Jonas Salk and his team proved that a vaccine made from a killed virus could kill poliovirus. The Salk vaccine was given by injection. Polio rates decreased greatly in people who had been vaccinated.

Later, Albert Sabin used a live, but weakened poliovirus to build protection against the disease. That is the kind of vaccine used for years in huge campaigns in Africa and Asia. Experts say recent changes to the vaccine are improving it.

Today, people everywhere hope that anti-polio campaigners armed with vaccine will defeat polio at last.

(MUSIC)

VOICE ONE:

This program was written by Jerilyn Watson. Brianna Blake was our producer. I’m Bob Doughty.

VOICE TWO:

And I’m Faith Lapidus. Join us again next week for SCIENCE IN THE NEWS in VOA Special English. 


polio :小兒麻痹癥
 


(來源:VOA  英語點津姍姍編輯)

 
 

 

 

 
 

48小時內最熱門

     

本頻道最新推薦

     
  Efforts needed to protect children againt polio
  Bush expects Republicans to win on Election Day
  Pumpkins for all seasons
  White House says no ultimatums for Iraq
  Farmers organize to try to control potato supply






波多野结衣办公室双飞_制服 丝袜 综合 日韩 欧美_网站永久看片免费_欧美一级片在线免费观看_免费视频91蜜桃_精产国品一区二区三区_97超碰免费在线观看_欧美做受喷浆在线观看_国产熟妇搡bbbb搡bbbb_麻豆精品国产传媒
日日摸夜夜添夜夜添精品视频| 91美女在线看| 波多野吉衣中文字幕| 欧美一级淫片007| 婷婷一区二区三区| 国产精品久久久久久久无码| 欧美美女bb生活片| 一级女性全黄久久生活片免费| 91在线视频免费观看| 色婷婷国产精品| 一区二区三区在线观看国产| 91视视频在线观看入口直接观看www| 天堂网中文在线观看| 日本一区二区免费在线| 国产**成人网毛片九色| 91人妻一区二区三区蜜臀| 国产精品日韩精品欧美在线| 成人性生交大片免费看在线播放| 粉嫩av性色av蜜臀av网站| 中文字幕一区二区三中文字幕| 成人av中文字幕| 在线观看三级视频欧美| 亚洲一卡二卡三卡四卡无卡久久| 欧美图片自拍偷拍| 日韩欧美黄色影院| 精品亚洲aⅴ乱码一区二区三区| 精品伦精品一区二区三区视频密桃 | 精品人在线二区三区| 老司机精品视频一区二区三区| 亚洲国产另类av| 免费观看污网站| 欧美成人aa大片| 国产乱对白刺激视频不卡| 日韩欧美综合视频| 伊人开心综合网| 亚洲精品视频大全| 久久久久88色偷偷免费| 成人免费毛片app| 欧美理论在线播放| 麻豆一区二区三区| 国产成人自拍网站| 亚洲国产日日夜夜| 天天躁日日躁aaaxxⅹ| 欧美国产精品中文字幕| 9久草视频在线视频精品| 欧美日本一区二区在线观看| 免费av网站大全久久| 久久久久久久麻豆| 亚洲国产日日夜夜| 欧美黄色一级生活片| 成人欧美一区二区三区小说| 国产精品果冻传媒| 久久精品在这里| 91麻豆成人久久精品二区三区| 日韩一区二区电影| 成人激情动漫在线观看| 91精品国产入口| 国产成人av一区二区三区在线观看| 欧美午夜免费电影| 精品一区二区三区日韩| 色婷婷av一区二区三区大白胸| 日本va欧美va精品发布| 久草视频手机在线| 日韩精品高清不卡| 色综合久久天天综合网| 日韩高清不卡一区二区三区| √天堂中文官网8在线| 视频一区二区国产| 色先锋资源久久综合| 蜜臀99久久精品久久久久久软件| 农村黄色一级片| 麻豆精品久久久| 在线观看视频91| 国产乱妇无码大片在线观看| 精品视频全国免费看| 国产精品99久| 日韩一二三区视频| 99精品桃花视频在线观看| 久久一区二区三区四区| 欧美xxxx日本和非洲| 亚洲国产成人一区二区三区| 中文字幕 亚洲一区| 亚洲人成影院在线观看| 久久久久亚洲AV成人无在| 亚洲成av人**亚洲成av**| 18岁成人毛片| 黑人巨大精品欧美黑白配亚洲| 欧美另类一区二区三区| www.日韩精品| 久久精品视频网| theav精尽人亡av| 亚洲一区二区视频| 懂色av懂色av粉嫩av| 精品写真视频在线观看 | 欧美午夜片在线看| 风间由美性色一区二区三区| 欧美成人精品3d动漫h| www.四虎在线| 亚洲裸体在线观看| 日韩激情综合网| 国产精品一卡二卡在线观看| 91玉足脚交白嫩脚丫| 日韩美女啊v在线免费观看| 中文字幕第二区| 精品一区二区精品| 欧美大胆一级视频| 波多野结衣视频播放| 亚洲自拍偷拍欧美| 欧美在线免费观看视频| www.亚洲人| 亚洲欧洲国产专区| 男女性高潮免费网站| 国产精品影音先锋| 国产亚洲成av人在线观看导航| 白白色免费视频| 免费高清在线视频一区·| 91精品国产综合久久久蜜臀图片| 色欲无码人妻久久精品| 亚洲欧美日韩一区二区三区在线观看| 欧美h片在线观看| 国产成人无遮挡在线视频| 国产午夜精品久久久久久久 | 成人午夜视频在线| 国产精品污污网站在线观看| 欧美日韩国产一二三区| 国产精品自在欧美一区| 国产亚洲制服色| 国产精品久久国产精麻豆96堂| 狠狠色丁香久久婷婷综合_中| 久久久久久久久久久久久夜| 91激情视频在线观看| 国产主播一区二区| 国产日韩av一区| 国产老头老太做爰视频| 成人毛片视频在线观看| 亚洲欧美日韩在线播放| 欧美午夜电影网| 一级黄色免费视频| 日韩精品久久理论片| 欧美va日韩va| 日本黄区免费视频观看| 国产91丝袜在线观看| 亚洲欧洲av在线| 91国内精品野花午夜精品| 亚洲妇女无套内射精| 亚洲成人综合在线| 日韩欧美电影一区| 国产毛片欧美毛片久久久| 国产福利一区二区三区在线视频| 国产精品久久二区二区| 色婷婷综合久久久久中文 | 99精品热视频| 亚洲大型综合色站| 精品剧情v国产在线观看在线| 精品日韩在线视频| 成人av网站大全| 亚洲国产中文字幕在线视频综合| 欧美一级日韩不卡播放免费| 精品国产av无码| 风间由美中文字幕在线看视频国产欧美| 亚洲 欧美 国产 另类| 成人丝袜视频网| 亚洲大片在线观看| 亚洲精品一区二区三区香蕉| 国产精品精品软件男同| 国产老头和老头xxxx×| 免费一级片91| 国产精品久久久久三级| 欧美日韩中字一区| 日本一级免费视频| 99精品国产热久久91蜜凸| 日日欢夜夜爽一区| 欧美激情一二三区| 欧美日韩成人高清| 国产91丝袜美女在线播放| 99精品欧美一区| 男女性色大片免费观看一区二区 | 亚洲一区国产视频| 欧美精品一区二区三区在线播放| 日本福利片在线观看| 大尺度做爰床戏呻吟舒畅| 国产精品一区二区三区四区 | 中文字幕无码人妻少妇免费| 国产乱人伦精品一区二区在线观看| 亚洲欧美国产三级| 精品日韩在线观看| 91黄视频在线| 精品国产aaa| 亚洲中文字幕无码一区| 国产精品99久久久久久宅男| 亚洲一区二区三区在线| 久久久久久夜精品精品免费| 欧美自拍偷拍午夜视频| av免费播放网站| 香港三日本8a三级少妇三级99| 国产精品88av| 美女在线一区二区| 亚洲第一激情av| 国产精品高潮呻吟| 精品国产污网站|