波多野结衣办公室双飞_制服 丝袜 综合 日韩 欧美_网站永久看片免费_欧美一级片在线免费观看_免费视频91蜜桃_精产国品一区二区三区_97超碰免费在线观看_欧美做受喷浆在线观看_国产熟妇搡bbbb搡bbbb_麻豆精品国产传媒

您現在的位置: > Language Tips > Audio & Video > Special Speed News  
 





 
Coffee culture is alive in US
[ 2007-06-15 09:10 ]

VOICE ONE:

I’m Steve Ember.

VOICE TWO:

And I’m Barbara Klein with EXPLORATIONS in VOA Special English. At La Colombe coffee shop in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, you can enjoy a tasty cup of coffee as you read the newspaper or meet with friends. The shop is very busy and lively.

(SOUND)

The people who work there can quickly make excellent espresso or drip coffee drinks. La Colombe is a good example of how important coffee culture has become in the United States. Join us as we explore the culture, history and business of one of the world's favorite drinks.

(MUSIC)

VOICE ONE:

In the United States, the number of specialty coffee shops has increased greatly over the years. In 1995 there were an estimated five thousand shops and sellers specializing in coffee. By 2006, there were almost 24,000. It is hard to walk down a street in an American city without coming across a coffee shop. And, chances are, that coffee shop might be a Starbucks.

VOICE TWO:

The Starbucks company started in the West Coast city of Seattle, Washington, in 1971. Today, there are more than twelve thousand Starbucks around the world. Starbucks has helped make coffee culture a popular part of people's daily lives. The stores sell all kinds of coffee. They sell special hot and cold coffee drinks like Frappucinos and White Chocolate Mocha. They also sell food, music and books. Starbucks has helped educate people about the world of coffee.

VOICE ONE:

But there is much more to making and enjoying coffee than Starbucks. In fact, many people criticize the aggressive expansion of Starbucks and its impersonal coffee shops. The company has made business difficult for smaller, independent coffee shops. But these coffee shops have a strong and loyal following. There is a certain pride in the coffee industry among the smaller, more personal coffee sellers.

VOICE TWO:

The Specialty Coffee Association of America holds a yearly competition for the people who prepare coffee drinks, known as baristas. The best baristas from different areas of the country gather to make three coffee drinks. A group of coffee experts judges them. The baristas take their job very seriously. They have fifteen minutes to make three kinds of coffee drinks: an espresso, a cappuccino, and a specialty drink of their own invention.

(SOUND)

HOST:

"A big round of applause for Melanie's espressos!"

The best baristas in the country then compete for the national award. There is even a World Barista Championship. This year it will be held in Tokyo, Japan.

VOICE ONE:

Doug Wolfe recently competed in the Mid-Atlantic area barista competition. But to really see him work his coffee magic, you must visit him where he works, at La Colombe.

DOUG WOLFE:

"My name is Doug Wolfe, and I am from Philadelphia. I am with La Colombe Torrefaction. I'm going to be making an espresso and cappuccino for you guys."

To make an espresso, Doug packs freshly ground coffee into a filter that attaches to a shiny La San Marco espresso machine from Italy. The machine forces heated water at high pressure through the coffee. The resulting espresso has a strong, smooth and flavorful taste. He makes a cappuccino by adding perfectly heated milk to an espresso. This may sound easy. But making a perfect espresso requires several things: the right amount of fresh coffee and expert control of water temperature, pressure and timing. La Colombe roasts its own special coffee mixtures at a factory nearby. This way it can control the high quality and freshness of its product.

(MUSIC)

VOICE TWO:

You might enjoy a cup of coffee at your local coffee shop. But coffee is part of an international industry. Research shows that as many as one-third of the people in the world drink coffee. Some people drink coffee for its rich smell and taste. Others like the awakening effect of caffeine, a chemical in coffee. But not everyone may know the story of coffee and how it is produced.

VOICE ONE:

One popular story about the discovery of coffee long ago is about Kaldi, a keeper of goats Kaldi was taking care of his goats in the highlands of Ethiopia where coffee trees have grown for centuries. He noticed that his goats became very excited and active after eating small fruits from a tree.

Kaldi reported this discovery to a group of religious workers. When they made a drink out of the fruit, the religious workers realized they could stay awake for long hours of prayer. This knowledge about coffee soon spread all over the world.

VOICE TWO:

Coffee trees are native to eastern Africa and areas of the Arabian Peninsula. Coffee was first grown and traded in the fifteenth century. Most coffee came from what is now Yemen. Soon, coffee was in high demand all over the Middle East. By the seventeenth century coffee had been introduced to Europe. European traders started bringing coffee plants to other parts of the world. The Dutch brought coffee to the islands of Indonesia. And by the twentieth century, most of the world's production came from Central and South America. Today, Brazil is the largest producer of coffee in the world.

(MUSIC)

VOICE ONE:

Most people know what a coffee bean looks like, but what about the plant? Coffee trees can grow up to nine meters high, but they are cut short for production. These trees have shiny dark green leaves that grow on opposite sides of each other on a stem. The plant produces a fruit that is called a coffee cherry.

When the coffee cherries are ripe and ready to pick, they are bright, red and firm. Inside the fruits are the green coffee beans. After these beans are roasted at high temperatures they are ready to be made into a drink.

VOICE TWO:

The two most important kinds of coffee plants are the arabica and the canephora, which is commonly known as robusta. Arabica coffee makes up about seventy percent of the world's production. These trees produce a fine and mild coffee with a rich smell.

Robusta has a more caffeine than arabica. It is usually mixed with other coffee beans or used for instant coffee. Most of the world's robusta is grown in Central and Western Africa. It can also be found in parts of Southeast Asia and Brazil. Robusta is less costly to grow because it is more resistant to diseases than the arabica plant. Also, robusta plants can survive in a warmer climate.

VOICE ONE:

There may only be two main kinds of coffee plants. But geography and climate differences have a big effect on the many different ways coffee can taste. For example, coffee grown in Ethiopia is known for its lively, sharp taste and its flowery smell. Coffee from the island of Sumatra has a full body with an earthy and intense taste. Coffee roasters combine beans from different areas to make coffees with different tastes and qualities.

(MUSIC)

VOICE TWO:

Coffee is the second most heavily traded product in the world after oil. A coffee bean goes from a series of producers, exporters, importers, roasters and sellers. This long chain of production has major social and political effects. For example, some coffee producers and drinkers are concerned about the Fair Trade movement. The aim of this movement is to make sure that coffee farmers around the world get a fair price for their harvest. Poor farmers are organized into groups called cooperatives. They are guaranteed money under this system. Even if the market price for coffee drops, these farmers can earn enough money to live.

Critics of the movement say coffee farmers still do not receive a fair amount of money for their work. And some economists argue that Fair Trade creates too large a supply of coffee.

VOICE ONE:

There are also environmental concerns within the coffee industry. Industrial coffee production can have a bad effect on nature. The chemicals used on large coffee farms can hurt soil and water sources. These large farms also cut down many trees to make room for coffee plants. This threatens native plants and birds.

Environmental organizations have worked to create rules for producing coffee in environmentally friendly ways. Many coffee drinkers buy this coffee to support their efforts.

VOICE TWO:

So, the next time you enjoy your morning coffee, you can think about its rich history and wide popularity. And you can imagine the long distances it traveled to end up in your cup.

(MUSIC)

VOICE ONE:

This program was written and produced by Dana Demange. I’m Steve Ember.

VOICE TWO:

And I’m Barbara Klein. You can see pictures of Special English listeners on our Web site, voaspecialenglish.com. Join us again next week for EXPLORATIONS in VOA Special English.


點擊進入更多VOA慢速

(來源:VOA  英語點津姍姍編輯)

 
 
相關文章 Related Stories
 
Study religion in the US
         
 
 
 
 
 
         

 

 

 
 

48小時內最熱門

     

本頻道最新推薦

     
  Calif. car culture spurs advanced auto design
  Which is America's oldest university?
  Latest presidential polls show good news for Hillary
  《無間道風云》(精講之五)
  Stent failure:Problem caused by doctors

論壇熱貼

     
  “我被登上了報紙”怎么說?
  How would you say"多退少補“?
  Please tell me how to say "平房"?
  學外語的五大忌諱
  strong finish?
  Boys will be boys!






波多野结衣办公室双飞_制服 丝袜 综合 日韩 欧美_网站永久看片免费_欧美一级片在线免费观看_免费视频91蜜桃_精产国品一区二区三区_97超碰免费在线观看_欧美做受喷浆在线观看_国产熟妇搡bbbb搡bbbb_麻豆精品国产传媒
亚洲网友自拍偷拍| 青青草视频成人| 夫妻性生活毛片| 久久精品欧美一区二区三区麻豆| 日本一区中文字幕 | 成年人视频软件| 精品国产第一区二区三区观看体验 | av一区二区三区| 中文字幕在线有码| 国产精品久久久久桃色tv| 国产成人在线视频网站| 黄色精品视频在线观看| 中文字幕成人网| 成人精品视频一区| 一本到不卡精品视频在线观看| 亚洲欧洲av在线| 97国产精品videossex| 色视频一区二区| 亚洲一区二区综合| 午夜男人的天堂| 精品国产乱码久久久久久老虎 | 欧美三级日韩三级| 亚洲成人三级小说| 在线观看国产网站| 欧美精品一区二区三区一线天视频 | 中文字幕永久在线不卡| av亚洲精华国产精华精| 欧美特级限制片免费在线观看| 亚洲国产精品综合小说图片区| 私密视频在线观看| 久久综合色之久久综合| 国产盗摄一区二区三区| 69视频在线观看免费| 三级影片在线看| 亚洲女女做受ⅹxx高潮| 人妻 丝袜美腿 中文字幕| 91精品国产欧美日韩| 美女视频黄频大全不卡视频在线播放| 一区二区黄色片| 欧美一级夜夜爽| 一卡二卡欧美日韩| 成人免费毛片日本片视频| 亚洲精品一区二区三区四区高清| 国产高清在线观看免费不卡| 亚洲国产综合视频| 国产性生活大片| 亚洲综合在线电影| 强伦人妻一区二区三区| 国产精品你懂的在线欣赏| 91猫先生在线| 精品久久人人做人人爱| 国产91高潮流白浆在线麻豆| 欧美午夜精品久久久久久超碰| 蜜桃一区二区三区在线| 北条麻妃在线观看视频| 亚洲一卡二卡三卡四卡五卡| mm131丰满少妇人体欣赏图| 国产精品久线在线观看| 国内精品免费视频| 久久久精品国产免大香伊| 91在线视频免费91| 精品三级在线观看| 99riav一区二区三区| 日韩美女主播在线视频一区二区三区| 国产黄人亚洲片| 欧美电影在线免费观看| 国产精品资源在线观看| 欧美高清激情brazzers| 国产精品99久久久久久久vr | 日本不卡视频一二三区| 日韩福利小视频| 天堂在线一区二区| 中文字幕在线有码| 男女男精品网站| 一本大道久久a久久综合| 亚洲一区二区三区爽爽爽爽爽| 美国黑人一级大黄| 午夜精品一区二区三区免费视频| 懂色av噜噜一区二区三区av| 欧美丝袜丝nylons| 黄色成人免费在线| 在线观看欧美日本| 麻豆国产精品一区二区三区| 国产88在线观看入口| 免费在线观看日韩欧美| 少妇影院在线观看| 精品制服美女久久| 51精品久久久久久久蜜臀| 成人手机电影网| 日韩欧美国产麻豆| 久久久国产精品久久久| 国产精品二三区| 谁有免费的黄色网址| 一区二区不卡免费视频| japanese中文字幕| 亚洲午夜av在线| 色八戒一区二区三区| 国产乱子轮精品视频| 精品欧美一区二区三区精品久久| 日本成人在线免费| 亚洲人一二三区| 中文字幕另类日韩欧美亚洲嫩草| 国内国产精品久久| 精品日韩在线观看| 人妻在线日韩免费视频| 亚洲一区二区免费视频| 日本高清不卡在线观看| 成人午夜大片免费观看| 国产欧美一区视频| 欧美性受xxxx黑人| 老司机免费视频一区二区| 精品一区二区在线视频| 欧美三级电影网| 99视频一区二区| 国产精品人妖ts系列视频| 大胸美女被爆操| 狠狠色综合日日| 久久久精品免费免费| 少妇精品无码一区二区免费视频| 美女任你摸久久| 日韩精品一区二区三区中文不卡 | 99久久伊人网影院| 久久婷婷综合激情| 午夜时刻免费入口| 色天天综合久久久久综合片| 国产在线播放一区| 26uuu亚洲| 日本高清www| 爽好久久久欧美精品| 日韩高清dvd碟片| 国产乱码精品1区2区3区| 精品成人一区二区三区四区| 中文字幕被公侵犯的漂亮人妻| 麻豆精品在线播放| 久久久噜噜噜久久人人看 | 久久久精品蜜桃| 99热这里只有精品4| 成人白浆超碰人人人人| 亚洲视频资源在线| 欧美日韩一区二区不卡| 妖精视频一区二区| 男男成人高潮片免费网站| 精品免费国产一区二区三区四区| 欧美 日韩 成人| 高清视频一区二区| 亚洲欧美另类综合偷拍| 欧美三级三级三级爽爽爽| 国产二级一片内射视频播放| 免费高清在线一区| 国产亚洲欧洲997久久综合| 欧洲第一无人区观看| 日本黄色三级网站| 五月天激情综合网| 欧美一二三区在线观看| 免费看91的网站| 成人激情黄色小说| 一区二区三区美女视频| 日韩一区二区免费高清| 日韩欧美黄色网址| 成人性生交大片免费| 亚洲国产视频一区| 久久综合九色综合97婷婷| 国精产品一区一区二区三区mba| 91网站最新地址| 日av在线不卡| 国产精品护士白丝一区av| 精品视频一区 二区 三区| 我和岳m愉情xxxⅹ视频| 国产精品18久久久久久久久久久久 | 成人av在线资源| 亚洲成av人片一区二区三区| 久久欧美一区二区| 在线观看免费一区| 精品无人区无码乱码毛片国产 | 一级黄色片毛片| 国产毛片精品一区| 亚洲综合精品久久| 精品福利二区三区| 日本高清无吗v一区| 毛片网站免费观看| 波多野结衣欧美| 日本vs亚洲vs韩国一区三区二区| 国产精品国产三级国产专播品爱网| 欧美日韩国产精品成人| 国产不卡在线观看视频| 日本人dh亚洲人ⅹxx| 国产在线精品一区二区不卡了| 亚洲精品视频观看| 久久免费看少妇高潮| 欧美日韩免费观看一区二区三区| 国产毛片欧美毛片久久久| 成人在线短视频| 国产精品综合久久| 天使萌一区二区三区免费观看| 中文在线一区二区 | 欧美a级理论片| 亚洲免费av高清| 国产亚洲va综合人人澡精品| 欧美另类一区二区三区| 国产精品99久久久久久成人|