The U.S. government will publish sweeping new rules on Tuesday requiring chain restaurants and large vending machine operators to disclose calorie counts on menus to make people more aware of the risks of obesity posed by fatty, sugary foods.

美國政府于25日出臺一項食品行業新規定，要求連鎖餐館和大型自動售貨機商家在菜單中標明食物所含的卡路里，以提醒人們高脂高糖食物會帶來肥胖的風險。

"Obesity is a national epidemic that affects millions of Americans," Food and Drug Administration Commissioner Margaret Hamburg told reporters on a conference call on Monday.

“肥胖已成為一項全國通病，影響了數百萬美國人，”美國國家食品和藥物管理局（Food and Drug Administration）專員瑪格利特·漢伯格（Margaret Hamburg）在24日的電話會議上告訴記者。

"Strikingly, Americans eat and drink about a third of their calories away from home."

“美國人攝入的卡路里中有約三分之一來自于在外就餐，這很令人驚訝。”

The FDA's new rules, which are part of the 2010 Affordable Care Act, set a national standard for restaurant chains with 20 or more outlets.

食品和藥物管理局出臺的這項新規定是2010年美國平價醫療法案(Affordable Care Act)的一部分，適用于全美范圍內擁有20家及以上連鎖店的餐廳。

Under the rules, calories must be displayed on all menus and menu boards. Other nutritional information - including calories from fat, cholesterol, sugars and protein - must be made available in writing upon request.

它規定所有的菜單和菜單板上必須標明卡路里數。其他營養成分的信息如脂肪、膽固醇、糖類和蛋白質所含的卡路里信息，如有要求，也必須能夠以書面形式提供。

The new calorie rule covers meals at sit-down restaurants, take-out food, bakery items, ice cream from an ice-cream store and pizza, which will be labeled by the slice and whole pie. Seasonal menu items, such as a Thanksgiving dinner, daily specials and standard condiments will be exempt.

餐館內就餐、外賣、面包店內、冰淇淋店內的食物都必須遵循這一規則，比薩也會按每片或整張標記卡路里；但這一規則不包括時令性菜單如感恩節晚餐、每日特賣和標準調味品。

The final rule, unlike a 2011 proposal, includes movie theaters, amusement parks and alcoholic beverages served in restaurants, but not drinks mixed or served at a bar.

最終版本與2011年提案有所不同，它包含了電影院、游樂園內的食物和餐廳提供的酒精飲料，但不包括調制飲品和酒吧提供的飲品。

Restaurants have one year and vending machine operators have two years to comply with the new rules following publication in the Federal Register.

聯邦公報公布后，餐廳的調整期限為一年，而售賣機為兩年。

Panera Bread Co in 2010 became the first company to voluntarily display calorie information at all its cafes nationwide. Others, including McDonald's Corp and Starbucks Corp, followed suit.

2010年帕尼羅面包連鎖餐廳（Panera Bread Co）成為第一家自愿在全國范圍內的咖啡館里標明卡路里的公司。其他公司像麥當勞和星巴克也效仿了這一做法。

The agency said it amended its proposals after considering more than 1,100 comments from industry, public health advocates and consumers.

管理機構稱，食品行業、公共衛生倡議者和消費者對此提案提出了一千一百多條建議，他們在考慮過這些提議之后進行了修訂。

It narrowed the scope to clearly focus on restaurant-type food. Still, there are nuances: Foods such as deli meat bought at a grocery store counter will be excluded. But the rules will apply to food eaten in grocery stores, such as meals purchased at in-house cafes.

它縮小了針對的食品范圍，僅限于餐廳類食物。但這一概念本身也有細微差別：不包含像是在雜貨店柜臺買的熟食這一類食物。但在雜貨店里吃的食物，如在咖啡館里買了在店里吃就需要遵循這項規則。

Hamburg acknowledged that calorie counts for pizza slices and many other foods made on the premises will vary. Restaurants may draw on databases, cookbooks and food package labels to calculate calories.

漢伯格承認不同店里披薩片和其他食物所標注的卡路里會有所不同。餐廳可以根據數據庫、食譜和食物包裝上的標簽來計算卡路里。

The restaurant industry has supported a national standard for years and welcomed the changes.

餐廳行業多年來支持這一規則成為全國標準，并歡迎這一變化。

"We believe that the Food and Drug Administration has positively addressed the areas of greatest concern," said Dawn Sweeney, chief executive of the National Restaurant Association, which represents 990,000 restaurant and food-service outlets.

美國國家餐館協會（the National Restaurant Association）代表了99萬家餐廳和食品專賣店。其首席執行官道恩·斯威尼（Dawn Sweeney）說，“我們相信國家食品和藥物管理局已經積極地處理了這一廣受關注的問題”。

Not all industry groups were satisfied.

并不是所有行業都滿意這一規則。

"We are disappointed that the FDA1s final rules will capture grocery stores, and impose such a large and costly regulatory burden on our members," said Peter Larkin, president and CEO of the National Grocers Association.

美國食品雜貨商協會（the National Grocers Association）主席兼任首席執行官彼得·拉金（Peter Larkin）說，“國家食品和藥物管理局出臺的這項規則的最終版本將包括雜貨店，會給我們的成員施加沉重的規則負擔和經濟壓力”。

National Automatic Merchandising Association, representing the food and refreshment vending industry, said it will "reserve judgment" on the impact on the industry, but said that two years was insufficient "implementation time", especially for small businesses.

美國自動售貨協會（National Automatic Merchandising Association）作為食品和甜點售賣行業的代表，表示對這個規則所帶來的影響持“保留”態度，但稱兩年不足以讓企業尤其是小企業適應這一規則。

The rules aim to close a gap in the 1990 Nutrition Labeling and Education Act, which established nutrition labeling on most foods, but not restaurant or other ready-to-eat foods.

1990頒布的《營養標識和教育法》（Nutrition Labeling and Education Act）規定大多數食物必須標明營養成分，但沒包含餐廳和其他即食食物。這項規則旨在對此進行改善。

Katie Bengston, Panera's nutrition manager, said menu labeling has not affected its business: "We did not notice a jump in sales from higher calorie items to lower calorie items."

帕奈拉冷飲西餐廳（Panera）營養經理凱蒂·本斯頓（Katie Bengston）則表示在菜單上標明卡路里這一變化對生意沒有影響，“我們沒有看到高卡路里食物銷售額猛降和低卡路里食物銷量猛增”。

（翻譯：eileen7? 編輯：Julie）