English words from Chinese words are often denoted as being 'loanwords.' A loanword is one that does not share a literal translation of the word. Rather the word is based on the adopted language. Quite simply, the word is borrowed and then co-opted into the new language.
那些來自于中國的詞匯通常都被稱之為“外來詞匯”。這種詞不是逐個(gè)字翻譯過來的，而是基于這種外來語言的。簡單來說就是，這個(gè)詞匯是從別處借過來的，然后用到一種新的語言之中。

1. Gung Ho
工合

Pronounced gōng hé in Mandarin. The literal translation is,"work together." The English use was popularized by Marines fighting in the Pacific in World War II. The phrase came to mean: "whole heartedly enthusiastic, and loyal, eager, and zealous."
在普通話里的發(fā)音為gōng hé，意思是“合作、同心協(xié)力”。在英語中廣泛被使用是二戰(zhàn)時(shí)期海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊(duì)在太平洋作戰(zhàn)時(shí)期。這個(gè)短語的意思是：“竭誠熱情，忠誠、愿望、熱心。”

2. Typhoon
臺風(fēng)

Pronounced dàfēng in Mandarin and tai fung in Cantonese. The literal translation is "strong wind." Experts say the term, typhon from the Greek and Arabic, was strengthened with the Chinese translation.
在普通話中的發(fā)音為：dàfēng，廣東話的發(fā)音為：tai fung。直譯過來就是：“強(qiáng)風(fēng)”。有專家表示這個(gè)詞匯源自于希臘語和阿拉伯語，中文翻譯后意思加強(qiáng)了。

3. China
中國

In Chinese, the name is pronounced zhōng guó and literally means "the middle country." The name was first used by the Italian explorer, Marco Polo.
在中文里的讀音為：zhōng guó，字面意思是“中間的國家。”最初使用這個(gè)詞匯的人是意大利探險(xiǎn)家馬可波羅。

4. Silk
絲綢

Pronounced si in Mandarin. The word was first introduced to Western culture by smugglers who took silk worms and mulberry leaves out of China in 552 Common Era (CE).
在中文里的讀音為：si。這個(gè)詞語第一次引入到西方是公元552年走私者將蠶、桑葉從中國帶到西方的時(shí)候。

5. Feng Shui
風(fēng)水

Literally wind and water. It is the Chinese belief in creating a spiritual balance in one's home and workplace. The word was first introduced to Westerners in 1757.
字面意思是：風(fēng)和水。風(fēng)水是中國人在家和工作場所創(chuàng)造精神平衡的一種信仰。這個(gè)詞最開始進(jìn)入西方是1757年。

6. Kowtow
磕頭

Literally means "knock head." Pronounced e k'o-t'ou in Chinese. In China the word is a way of bowing and touching the forehead to the ground to indicate respect. In English the word means to "be servile: to behave in an extremely submissive way in order to please somebody in a position of authority."
字面意思就是“扣頭”，在中文中的發(fā)音為：e k’o-t’ou ，意思是：鞠躬，前額碰到地上以示尊重。在英語中的意思是“奴化：為了取悅別人，表現(xiàn)得非常順從。”

7. Junk
垃圾

The literal translation in Chinese is "boat." In 1884 the term came to mean "old refuse from boats and ships," and eventually came to mean trash in Western culture.
中文中的字面意思是“船”。這個(gè)詞語在1884年表示的是“船上的廢舊物”，在西方最終演變成垃圾的意思。

8. Lose Face
丟面子

The literal translation is "humiliation" and is pronounced tu lien in Chinese. The word is said to have been introduced to English speakers in 1876.
字面的意思是“丟臉、恥辱”，發(fā)音為tu lien。據(jù)說這個(gè)詞匯是在1876引進(jìn)西方的。

9. Shanghai
上海

Shanghai is a Chinese seaport. The word in English came to mean, "to drug a man unconscious and ship him as a sailor." This was the practice of 'recruiting' sailors to the seaport of Shanghai.
上海是中國的一個(gè)港口城市。在英語中的意思是“給某人下毒使其失去意識，然后帶他去做船員。”這就是上海港口實(shí)際中“招募”的船員。

10. Tai Chi
太極

In Chinese, the word is literally translated to the "supreme ultimate." It is now used in American lingo to describe the martial art of tai chi. Some emphasize the slow movements as a form of exercise, while others practice it as a martial art.
按照中文譯過來就是“太極(最高極限)。”這也是現(xiàn)在美國武術(shù)館中描述的太極。一些人將其看做一種慢動(dòng)作的練習(xí)方式，但是另一些人將其當(dāng)做武術(shù)來練。

11. Oolong
烏龍茶

Literally "black dragon." First introduced to the English language in 1852 as a dark, black tea.
字面意思是“黑龍。”首次是1852年作為紅茶引入的。

（來源：大耳朵英語 編輯：王雨薇）