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參考譯文：

General workers paid more than college graduates

The statistics, obtained from the job fair in Dongguan in the late and middle February, reveals a 20% increase in the payment for fresh college graduates, though the rises lag far behind those for skilled workers as well as general workers. Since China’s Spring Festival the payment for these workers has gradually come close to or even surpassed that for college graduates. White collars now have the same starting salary, RMB2000 (about US$304) a month, as blue collars.

Newly graduated students are now under psychological pressure who would rather “be a white collar earning RMB1000 (about US$157) than a technical worker paid RMB3000 (about US$462) a month”. Those who “condescend” to work as technicians are subject to substantial pressure from the “discrimination” against them from enterprises.

翻譯這段文字，首先要弄清楚漢語“普工”和“技工”的準確含義。首先，“普工”是“普通工人”的簡稱，有兩個意思，一個是“一般的工人”，即沒有特殊技能的工人，另一個是指“平凡的，不顯眼的（工人）”，在這里應(yīng)該是第一個意思，也就是general workers；再者，“技工”是“技術(shù)工人”的簡稱，但在實際使用中，和“技師”的使用范圍有所交叉，英語對應(yīng)詞也存在這種情況，比如skilled workers, technical workers, technicians。我同時使用了這三個詞，不是要混淆視聽，目的就是想說明他們之間的界限不是涇渭分明的。“迫近甚至超過”的意思是come close to or even surpass，其他的翻譯還有overtake or exceed等，“悄然”比較難找到英語對應(yīng)的詞，gradually不是對這個詞的直接翻譯，是結(jié)合語境的翻譯變通。為什么不翻譯成quietly或unknowingly呢？原因主要在于想淡化這里的情感色彩，原文在談這個問題時，即帶有對大學(xué)生工資過低的擔憂，也帶有對普通工人工資增長的欣然，但無論怎樣，304美元一個月的工資實在太低了，譯成英語還是不要抒情的好。

“寧拿千元做白領(lǐng)，不要3000元做技工”帶有典型的漢語連動式特點，但譯成英語“拿錢”應(yīng)該是定語，“寧愿…不要”對應(yīng)英語句型would rather...than，藍咪咪的翻譯who would rather be complacent with 1000 yuan a month as a white collar than accepting an offer of 3000 yuan as a technical worker，對原文的信息進行了補充，讀起來比較圓潤。“放下身段”帶有“屈尊”的意思，這與中國大學(xué)生的社會地位變化有關(guān)，我這里使用了condescend一詞，但加上了引號，因為本質(zhì)上做什么工作并不存在屈尊的問題，后面的“歧視”原文有引號，譯文同樣保留，是為了表明對該詞詞義不同于一般的使用。“不小的”這個修飾語，我翻譯成substantial，是因為它既有“不小的”的意思，也與前文psychological對照，表示“現(xiàn)實的”意思。

參考譯文：

Individual income tax reform: threshold to be raised

The first thing on the 2011 agenda of Chinese government to benefit people with low incomes falls on the income tax reform, though the detailed draft is expected to finalise at the executive meeting of the State Council scheduled for Wednesday. In his web chat yesterday with netizens, Premier Wen Jiabao disclosed that the standard deduction amounts for income would be increased. According to sources, the income tax reform at this session of People’s Congress will be a comprehensive one, including refreshing the individual exemptions, as well as adjusting the tax brackets and rates. To quote the quarters concerned, “Aimed at less burdening on people with low and middle incomes, expansion of consumption, and an improved tax system, the income tax reform this year is expected to pave the way for combined and classified tax collection in future.”

譯題三的翻譯涉及一些專門術(shù)語，首先，“個稅”即“個人所得稅”，可以翻譯成individual 或personal income tax，但在文中可以直接稱income tax。“工薪免征額”和“工薪所得費用扣除標準”都是指工資中免稅的部分，后者解釋的更清楚，對應(yīng)的英語翻譯有不少，比如threshold, cutoff point, exemptions等，可以換著使用。“級距”也是一個專業(yè)術(shù)語，英語文獻中有這樣的解釋：The range of income where you stay at any particular rate is known as a tax bracket，因此“級距”可以翻譯成brackets，而稅率是rates。關(guān)于所得稅的扣除，這里有一段話可以供參考：Individual income tax under current rules is charged at progressive rates from 5 to 45 per cent. In calculating the tax liabilities due, an individual is allowed a flat deduction of 800 yuan (US$96.6) per month.

“民生”一詞的翻譯已有很多論述，可以翻譯成livelihood issue, bread and butter issue, pocketbook issue, 但也可以結(jié)合語境翻譯成people’s life，因為這個詞就是對“人民生活”的縮略。另外，我在翻譯溫家寶和網(wǎng)友交流時說的話時，稍微口語化了一點，沒有譯得過分繁瑣。

(注：本次點評部分譯文參考了網(wǎng)友的翻譯。)

本文僅代表作者本人觀點，與本網(wǎng)立場無關(guān)。歡迎大家討論學(xué)術(shù)問題，尊重他人，禁止人身攻擊和發(fā)布一切違反國家現(xiàn)行法律法規(guī)的內(nèi)容。

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