波多野结衣办公室双飞_制服 丝袜 综合 日韩 欧美_网站永久看片免费_欧美一级片在线免费观看_免费视频91蜜桃_精产国品一区二区三区_97超碰免费在线观看_欧美做受喷浆在线观看_国产熟妇搡bbbb搡bbbb_麻豆精品国产传媒

Global EditionASIA 中文雙語Fran?ais
Opinion
Home / Opinion / Global Lens

How humans can control risks arising from AI

By Joseph Sifakis | China Daily | Updated: 2025-12-03 07:35
Share
Share - WeChat
Jin Ding/China Daily

Artificial Intelligence represents a technological paradigm shift distinct from any previous inventions. Unlike tools that extend physical capabilities, AI rivals humanity's core trait: the ability to produce and apply knowledge. This grants it profound power to reshape individual identity, economic structures and social organization. Consequently, its immense potential benefits are matched by significant risks, necessitating a comprehensive, global strategy for its governance. A reductionist debate pitting efficiency against safety is inadequate; we must instead adopt a holistic view of AI's forms, applications and future evolution.

Much public discourse focuses on artificial general intelligence (AGI), a vague concept promising human-level performance across all cognitive tasks. In addition to the fact that the term itself is vague because it is impossible to determine the extent of cognitive tasks that humans are capable of, it ignores essential characteristics of human intelligence. To approach human intelligence, it is not enough for machines to outperform humans in specific tasks. What matters is the capacity for autonomy, i.e., the ability to understand the world and act adaptively to achieve goals by combining a wide variety of skills as needed.

There is a considerable gap between the conversational AI systems we have today and autonomous systems capable of replacing human operators in complex organizations, as envisaged by the internet of things. For example, autonomous driving systems, smart grids, smart factories, smart cities, or autonomous telecommunications systems are highly complex, often critical systems composed of agents, each pursuing their own goals (individual intelligence) while coordinating to achieve the overall system goals (collective intelligence).

The technical obstacles to achieving this vision of autonomy are immense and far exceed the current capabilities of machine learning, as illustrated by the setbacks suffered by the autonomous vehicle industry, some of which had promised full autonomy by 2020. Current AI agents are limited to low-risk, digital tasks. To be trustworthy in critical roles, future AI systems must possess robust reasoning capabilities, pursue goals rationally in accordance with technical, legal and ethical standards, and achieve a level of reliability that is currently considered a "pipe dream".

The core of the problem lies in the inherent limitations of obtaining solid reliability guarantees. While supremely effective at generating knowledge from data, AI systems are non-explainable, making it virtually impossible to achieve the high levels of reliability demanded for safety-critical applications. This means AI safety cannot be guaranteed by the rational certification processes used for traditional systems such as elevators or airplanes.

In addition to technical properties such as safety, AI systems are designed to mimic humans and must therefore meet human-centric cognitive properties. Many studies deal with "responsible AI", "aligned AI", and, in particular, "ethical AI". However, most are superficial and lack scientific basis because, unlike safety, these properties are difficult to grasp technically as they depend on complex cognitive processes that are poorly understood in humans. An AI that passes a final medical exam does not possess the understanding or responsibility of a human doctor. Creating AI systems that truly respect social norms and demonstrate responsible collective intelligence remains a major challenge.

The risks posed by AI can be categorized into three interconnected areas. The technological risks for AI systems are amplified and transformed by their "black box" characteristics, including new safety/security risks that are poorly understood. Existing risk-management principles require high reliability in high criticality areas. If strictly applied, they would rightly exclude current AI systems from high-criticality applications. The development of global technical standards, a pillar of our modern civilization, is essential to build trust. However, this effort is hampered by technical limitations as well as open opposition from Big Tech and US authorities, who argue that standards stifle innovation and advocate for insufficient self-certification by developers.

Anthropogenic (human) risks differ from technological risks as they result from human-induced hazards, caused entirely or predominantly by human activities and involving misuse, abuse or compliance failures. In autonomous driving, skill atrophy, overconfidence and mode confusion are examples of misuse. Compliance risks are linked to manufacturer governance, which prioritizes commercial expansion at the expense of safety and transparency. Tesla's "Full Self-Driving" system, which requires active human supervision despite its name, exemplifies the dangers of the gap between marketing promises and the technical reality.

Finally, AI involves considerable systemic risks which are long-term or large-scale disruptions to social, economic, cultural, environmental and governance systems. While some risks, such as technological monopolies, job displacement and environmental costs, have been identified, the other risks are poorly understood. A critical yet less appreciated risk is cognitive outsourcing — the delegation of intellectual work to machines, which can lead to erosion of critical thinking, weakening of personal responsibility and homogenization of thought. Raising collective awareness of these insidious cognitive deficits is vital for their mitigation.

To address this complex risk landscape, we must develop a comprehensive, human-centric vision for AI that moves beyond the narrow, monolithic goal of AGI promoted by tech giants. This vision should honestly assess the current weaknesses of AI technology and mobilize international research to explore new avenues for AI application across science, industry and services. Furthermore, on an ideological level, we must reject the mentality of "acting quickly and breaking the rules" as it leads to technical debt and long-term fragility. It often goes hand in hand with the dogma of "technological determinism" which denies the role of human action in defining the role of technology in society.

China is well placed to contribute to this new vision, which is not only about creating the most powerful AI, but focuses on serving society. The country has a strong industrial base, with industrial sectors that need increasingly intelligent products and services. The development of global standards and regulations will be crucial for implementing this vision. Working together with other nations, China can play an active role in helping redress the global balance of power, harmonizing AI development with reliability and safety. Initiatives such as the "China AI Safety and Development Association" and the "World AI Cooperation Organization" reflect early efforts toward this essential direction.

The author is a recipient of the Turing Award (known as the Nobel Prize for Computing) and founder of the Verimag laboratory in Grenoble.

The views don't necessarily reflect those of China Daily. 

If you have a specific expertise, or would like to share your thought about our stories, then send us your writings at opinion@chinadaily.com.cn, and comment@chinadaily.com.cn.

Most Viewed in 24 Hours
Top
BACK TO THE TOP
English
Copyright 1995 - . All rights reserved. The content (including but not limited to text, photo, multimedia information, etc) published in this site belongs to China Daily Information Co (CDIC). Without written authorization from CDIC, such content shall not be republished or used in any form. Note: Browsers with 1024*768 or higher resolution are suggested for this site.
License for publishing multimedia online 0108263

Registration Number: 130349
FOLLOW US
波多野结衣办公室双飞_制服 丝袜 综合 日韩 欧美_网站永久看片免费_欧美一级片在线免费观看_免费视频91蜜桃_精产国品一区二区三区_97超碰免费在线观看_欧美做受喷浆在线观看_国产熟妇搡bbbb搡bbbb_麻豆精品国产传媒
亚洲AV成人无码精电影在线| 久久亚洲春色中文字幕久久久| 一色屋精品亚洲香蕉网站| 久久精品国产99| 亚洲av无码国产精品久久| 欧美高清精品3d| 亚洲国产精品麻豆| 制服.丝袜.亚洲.中文.综合懂| 色屁屁一区二区| 亚洲免费伊人电影| 97精品国产露脸对白| 色婷婷综合久久久久中文一区二区 | 亚洲日本在线观看| eeuss鲁片一区二区三区在线观看| 久艹在线观看视频| 国产精品免费aⅴ片在线观看| 国产麻豆精品在线观看| 欧美偷拍一区二区三区| 精品盗摄一区二区三区| 国产真实乱子伦精品视频| 精品日韩在线视频| 欧美高清在线精品一区| 成人精品电影在线观看| 色8久久人人97超碰香蕉987| 一区二区日韩av| 少妇一级淫片免费放播放| 日韩欧美成人一区| 黑人精品欧美一区二区蜜桃| 极品色av影院| 亚洲裸体在线观看| 永久免费未满蜜桃| 精品免费国产一区二区三区四区| 久久成人免费日本黄色| 午夜国产小视频| 亚洲欧美一区二区三区孕妇| 亚洲国产精品第一页| 日韩视频一区二区三区在线播放| 久久99久久精品欧美| 国产精品国产三级国产传播| 亚洲色图在线视频| 国产精品手机在线观看| 欧美电影免费观看高清完整版在| 加勒比av一区二区| 欧产日产国产v| 首页综合国产亚洲丝袜| 人与嘼交av免费| **欧美大码日韩| 日本人添下边视频免费| www成人在线观看| 丁香激情综合国产| 欧美精品乱码久久久久久按摩| 麻豆一区二区三| 全网免费在线播放视频入口 | 一级黄色免费毛片| 日韩欧美中文一区二区| 国产成人啪午夜精品网站男同| 欧美怡红院视频| 美脚の诱脚舐め脚责91 | 最新日韩免费视频| 一区二区在线观看免费 | 人妻体内射精一区二区| 欧美国产丝袜视频| 国产精品亚洲一区二区无码| 久久久午夜电影| 丰满少妇中文字幕| 久久影院电视剧免费观看| 91免费看视频| 久久久久久久网| 欧美xxxx日本和非洲| 久久精品一区四区| 东京热av一区| 国产精品久久三| 极品人妻一区二区三区| 亚洲人亚洲人成电影网站色| 在线 丝袜 欧美 日韩 制服| 亚洲欧洲精品一区二区三区| 极品人妻一区二区三区| 樱花草国产18久久久久| 亚洲a∨无码无在线观看| 亚洲国产欧美在线| 欧美日韩午夜视频| 美女一区二区视频| 欧美午夜精品理论片a级按摩| 国产一区二区免费看| 欧美精品久久99久久在免费线 | www.av成人| 久久不见久久见免费视频1| 欧美无乱码久久久免费午夜一区 | 国产精品二区一区二区aⅴ污介绍| 成人区人妻精品一区二| 国产精品不卡视频| 日韩黄色中文字幕| 婷婷国产在线综合| 欧美在线免费观看视频| 国产成人综合在线观看| 欧美成人精品1314www| 一区二区在线免费观看视频| 中文字幕日韩一区| 五月婷婷婷婷婷| 奇米影视一区二区三区| 欧美日韩在线播放三区| 不卡一二三区首页| 久久久不卡影院| 欧美老熟妇乱大交xxxxx| 亚洲一区影音先锋| 色婷婷久久久久swag精品| 国产乱人伦精品一区二区在线观看| 欧美一区二区国产| 亚洲精品激情视频| 亚洲午夜视频在线| 在线观看日产精品| 成年人国产精品| 国产精品久久久久影院亚瑟| 在线观看亚洲大片短视频| 看片网站欧美日韩| 日韩欧美亚洲国产精品字幕久久久| 性猛交╳xxx乱大交| 一区2区3区在线看| 欧美羞羞免费网站| 先锋资源在线视频| 亚洲乱码日产精品bd| 色偷偷88欧美精品久久久| 成人高清伦理免费影院在线观看| 欧美国产日本韩| 911国产在线| 国产福利一区二区三区在线视频| 久久久亚洲精品一区二区三区 | 亚洲成人一二三| 欧美三级乱人伦电影| 18深夜在线观看免费视频| 一区二区三区蜜桃| 欧美在线一二三| 性高潮免费视频| 图片区日韩欧美亚洲| 日韩一二三区不卡| 在线免费观看成年人视频| 久久精工是国产品牌吗| 精品国产乱码久久久久久牛牛| x88av在线| 国产精品一区二区视频| 中文字幕av一区 二区| 欧美三级日本三级| 91丨国产丨九色丨pron| 亚洲国产综合色| 欧美一区二区三区在线电影| 国产在线观看无码免费视频| 久久99久久久久| 国产精品沙发午睡系列990531| 国产精品白嫩白嫩大学美女| 91亚洲永久精品| 午夜精品一区二区三区电影天堂| 日韩一级片在线观看| 亚洲AV无码成人精品区明星换面| 精品一区二区三区视频| 欧美激情一区二区三区不卡 | 国模无码大尺度一区二区三区| 国产农村妇女毛片精品久久麻豆| 91嫩草丨国产丨精品| 杨幂一区二区国产精品| 日韩二区三区在线观看| 久久精品在这里| 色成人在线视频| 日本japanese极品少妇| 国内精品久久久久影院一蜜桃| 国产精品嫩草影院av蜜臀| 欧美午夜精品一区| 91精品人妻一区二区三区蜜桃欧美| 国产一二三精品| 一区二区三区四区蜜桃| 日韩你懂的在线播放| 欧美肥妇bbwbbw| 丰满少妇xbxb毛片日本| 韩国v欧美v日本v亚洲v| 17c精品麻豆一区二区免费| 欧美酷刑日本凌虐凌虐| 免费观看a级片| 99精品国产99久久久久久白柏| 五月天激情小说综合| 国产午夜亚洲精品羞羞网站| 91久久线看在观草草青青| 懂色av粉嫩av蜜乳av| 高清久久久久久| 天天操天天干天天综合网| 亚洲国产经典视频| 6080国产精品一区二区| 三级黄色录像视频| 99久久人妻精品免费二区| 丁香婷婷综合五月| 免费成人在线视频观看| 亚洲欧洲精品天堂一级| 日韩欧美黄色影院| 色婷婷久久久综合中文字幕 | 午夜精品久久久久久久久久| 久久久国际精品| 欧美精品tushy高清| 视频国产一区二区| 51调教丨国产调教视频| 91亚洲大成网污www| 韩国成人福利片在线播放| 亚洲第一在线综合网站|