波多野结衣办公室双飞_制服 丝袜 综合 日韩 欧美_网站永久看片免费_欧美一级片在线免费观看_免费视频91蜜桃_精产国品一区二区三区_97超碰免费在线观看_欧美做受喷浆在线观看_国产熟妇搡bbbb搡bbbb_麻豆精品国产传媒

Global EditionASIA 中文雙語Fran?ais
Opinion
Home / Opinion / Chinese Perspectives

BRI injects vitality in Latin America

By LI XIAOFENG | CHINA DAILY | Updated: 2025-12-20 09:05
Share
Share - WeChat
LI MIN/CHINA DAILY

From the autumn of 2024 to the spring of 2025, I conducted in-depth field research and academic exchanges with scholars in the United States, Costa Rica, Colombia, Chile, and other North and Latin American countries. The contrasting evaluations of international cooperation models among Latin American political and business circles were thought-provoking: the anxiety under the US tariff regime stood in sharp contrast to the sense of gain brought by Chinese projects.

This contrast confirms a trend: "Ecosystem Globalization", or the localized industry chains of Chinese companies, is shifting Latin American perceptions about the Belt and Road Initiative from infrastructure assistance to shared development opportunities.

The US approach to "exclusive cooperation" with Latin America is essentially an extension of its hegemonic logic, prioritizing unilateral interest maximization and turning cooperation into a tool of political coercion.

The US' tariff policies toward Latin America this year are highly representative: a 25 percent tariff on Mexican steel and aluminum products has thrown Mexico's automotive industry — accounting for around 4 percent of its GDP — into turmoil; a 10 percent "reciprocal tariff" on key Brazilian products such as aircraft forced the Brazilian Congress to urgently pass countermeasures; even Peru and Colombia, which have free trade agreements with the US, were not spared additional 10 percent tariffs.

The harm of such "conditional cooperation" extends far beyond economics. In discussions at the University of Chile, Latin American scholars generally agreed that the US practice of linking tariffs to issues such as immigration and drug control not only violates multilateral trade rules but also severely disrupts regional industry chain stability. The exclusive nature of US cooperation has led to widespread resistance in Latin America, with leaders from multiple countries explicitly criticizing it at summits of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States for "undermining the global economic order".

In stark contrast to the US' exclusionary approach, Chinese companies are building an inclusive cooperation system through "Ecosystem Globalization", driving a qualitative leap in Latin American perceptions about the Belt and Road Initiative. This model breaks through singular infrastructure export, forming a holistic co-construction pattern characterized by "localized production capacity, localized operations, cross-cultural branding and secured supply chains". Its value is fully demonstrated in multiple projects I investigated. In S?o Paulo, Brazil, the Great Wall Motor factory, with an annual capacity nearing 50,000 vehicles, has not only spurred synergistic development within a "four-hour logistics circle" but also created substantial employment through local hiring. Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva's signature on the first vehicle sold offline was not only an endorsement of Chinese intelligent manufacturing but a recognition of this cooperation model. Data from a local suppliers' association show the factory has brought dozens of local enterprises into the global supply chain, realizing a shift from "product input" to "capacity output".

The construction of Peru's Chancay Port demonstrates the "multiplier effect" of infrastructure. As a flagship BRI project in Latin America, the port not only opens a new land-sea corridor between Asia and Latin America but also, through technical training, enables Peruvian workers to master core port operational skills.

The practice in Ecuador more directly reflects "mutual benefit". The commissioning of the Mirador copper mine project not only boosted local economic growth but also improved living conditions through supporting livelihood projects. After the China-Ecuador free trade agreement took effect, non-traditional products such as dragon fruit and quinoa have successfully joined the list of exports from Ecuador to the Chinese market.

Based on practices in multiple Latin American countries, I believe Chinese companies' "Ecosystem Globalization" needs breakthroughs in three dimensions to further deepen the consensus on "shared development opportunities".

First, deep industry chain integration: Great Wall Motor's integrated "R&D, production, supply, marketing, and service" model is worth emulating. Establishing a full-process manufacturing center in Brazil while simultaneously cultivating a local parts system significantly enhanced product adaptability and market response speed. It is recommended that companies conduct "industry chain diagnostics" before entering Latin America and prioritize collaboration with local small and medium-sized enterprises. In sectors such as coffee processing in Colombia or mineral development in Peru, technology shareholding can enable profit sharing.

Second, embedding livelihood value is key: The investigation revealed Latin American countries have an urgent need for "sustainable development". Chinese companies can learn from the Ecuador project experience by incorporating livelihood projects into cooperation plans: building community power grids alongside energy projects, conducting ecological restoration during mining development, and training local technical workers during infrastructure construction. Research from a Chilean development university indicates that Chinese projects including livelihood components saw local social acceptance markedly increase.

Third, multilateral platform synergy is the guarantee. The China-CELAC Forum, established 10 years ago, has become a crucial engine for translating consensus into action. Companies should actively utilize this platform to align with Latin American development plans. When participating in regional projects such as Brazil's green corridor or Costa Rica's digital transformation strategy, it is advisable to collaborate with multilateral institutions such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank to design financing solutions, using "third-party market cooperation" to lower entry barriers while mitigating risks from single partnerships.

The development practice in Latin America has proven that an exclusionary approach is difficult to sustain, while the "inclusive co-construction" of the BRI is demonstrating strong vitality. The "Ecosystem Globalization" of Chinese companies is not a simple model export; rather, it involves jointly cultivating new drivers of development with Latin American nations through industry chain integration, and embedding livelihood values and platform synergy.

Only by adhering to "mutual benefit" can genuine common development be achieved. This is not only a profound insight from my journey through Latin America but also the essential path for Chinese companies to truly achieve internationalization.

The author is counsellor of the People's Government of Guangdong province and a professor at Guangdong University of Foreign Studies.

The views don't necessarily represent those of China Daily.

If you have a specific expertise, or would like to share your thought about our stories, then send us your writings at opinion@chinadaily.com.cn, and comment@chinadaily.com.cn.

Most Viewed in 24 Hours
Top
BACK TO THE TOP
English
Copyright 1994 - . All rights reserved. The content (including but not limited to text, photo, multimedia information, etc) published in this site belongs to China Daily Information Co (CDIC). Without written authorization from CDIC, such content shall not be republished or used in any form. Note: Browsers with 1024*768 or higher resolution are suggested for this site.
License for publishing multimedia online 0108263

Registration Number: 130349
FOLLOW US
波多野结衣办公室双飞_制服 丝袜 综合 日韩 欧美_网站永久看片免费_欧美一级片在线免费观看_免费视频91蜜桃_精产国品一区二区三区_97超碰免费在线观看_欧美做受喷浆在线观看_国产熟妇搡bbbb搡bbbb_麻豆精品国产传媒
亚洲尤物视频在线| 亚洲精品久久一区二区三区777| 精品人妻一区二区三区香蕉 | 精品少妇人妻av一区二区三区| 日日骚一区二区三区| 国产精品嫩草影院com| 国产毛片一区二区| 国产传媒在线看| 久久精品一区二区三区av| 韩国欧美国产一区| 日本免费www| 国产午夜亚洲精品理论片色戒| 国产在线视频精品一区| 欧美激情视频二区| 亚洲国产精品成人综合色在线婷婷 | 懂色av一区二区在线播放| 亚洲激情图片网| 国产精品美女久久久久久| 成人午夜精品在线| 在线观看亚洲一区| 亚洲第四色夜色| 国产精品久久久免费观看| 欧美一级欧美三级| 麻豆专区一区二区三区四区五区| 黄色aaa视频| 国产亚洲午夜高清国产拍精品| 国产精品自拍毛片| 午夜精品一区二区三区视频| 亚洲欧美另类小说| 亚洲无人区码一码二码三码| 欧美一区二区三区视频免费| 免费观看在线综合| 成人黄色短视频| 亚洲色图欧洲色图| 99精品一区二区三区无码吞精| 欧美一区日韩一区| 精品无码三级在线观看视频| 日本不卡一二区| 亚洲精选视频在线| 成人精品在线观看视频| 日本一区二区三级电影在线观看| av电影在线观看一区| 欧美肥妇毛茸茸| 久久 天天综合| 日本老熟俱乐部h0930| 亚洲成a人在线观看| 夫妇交换中文字幕| 亚洲免费大片在线观看| 性色av蜜臀av色欲av| 国产精品乱码妇女bbbb| 佐佐木明希电影| 久久精品一二三| 男人女人拔萝卜视频| 精品欧美一区二区三区精品久久 | 国内成人精品2018免费看| 国产大片免费看| 亚洲sss视频在线视频| 91狠狠综合久久久久久| 一区二区三区国产| 娇妻被老王脔到高潮失禁视频| 亚洲视频中文字幕| 97人妻精品一区二区三区免| 欧美激情一二三区| 男男一级淫片免费播放| 国产三级三级三级精品8ⅰ区| 91麻豆国产福利在线观看| 日韩欧美一区二区免费| 白白色 亚洲乱淫| 日韩欧美亚洲国产另类| 97久久精品人人澡人人爽| 日韩视频免费观看高清完整版在线观看 | 制服丝袜在线91| 国产高清久久久| 51精品视频一区二区三区| 成人毛片在线观看| 欧美成人福利视频| 91色porny| 国产三区在线成人av| 国产又黄又粗又猛又爽的视频| 国产精品女同一区二区三区| 国产视频久久久久久| 亚洲日穴在线视频| 战狼4完整免费观看在线播放版| 亚洲国产成人精品视频| 91高清免费观看| 久久99精品久久久久久国产越南 | 欧美系列一区二区| 国产乱色国产精品免费视频| 日韩一区二区高清| 熟妇无码乱子成人精品| 中文字幕不卡一区| 日韩在线免费观看av| 亚洲线精品一区二区三区八戒| 国产破处视频在线观看| 男女男精品网站| 911精品国产一区二区在线| 成人国产精品免费观看| 国产视频一区在线播放| 女人又爽又黄免费女仆| 日精品一区二区| 欧美视频一区二区三区四区| 成人精品视频.| 中文字幕乱码日本亚洲一区二区| 亚欧洲乱码视频| 三级成人在线视频| 欧美二区三区的天堂| 久久黄色一级视频| 亚洲精品国产高清久久伦理二区| 少妇高潮惨叫久久久久| 激情五月婷婷综合| 日韩精品一区二区三区视频 | 日韩视频一区二区三区在线播放| 成人做爰69片免费| 一区二区三区在线观看欧美 | 日本青青草视频| 国产成人av影院| 中文字幕第一页久久| 久久av红桃一区二区禁漫| 国产一区啦啦啦在线观看| 2021国产精品久久精品| 人妻av无码一区二区三区| 久久99国产精品尤物| 精品久久久久久最新网址| 国产熟妇搡bbbb搡bbbb| 男女激情视频一区| 精品久久久久久久久久久久久久久久久| 国产chinese中国hdxxxx| 亚洲成人av中文| 欧美久久高跟鞋激| 黄色污在线观看| 日本特黄久久久高潮| 日韩精品一区二区三区中文精品| 18禁裸乳无遮挡啪啪无码免费| 日本视频一区二区| 精品国产自在久精品国产| 精品无人区无码乱码毛片国产| 久久爱另类一区二区小说| 国产日韩欧美在线一区| 欧美爱爱免费视频| 99久久久国产精品| 亚洲综合色婷婷| 在线电影一区二区三区| 国产视频久久久久久| 理论电影国产精品| 国产午夜精品美女毛片视频| 91久久久久久久久久久久久久| 成人毛片视频在线观看| 一区二区三区色| 91精品国产色综合久久久蜜香臀| 亚洲永久无码7777kkk| 国内一区二区视频| 国产精品传媒入口麻豆| 在线观看av不卡| av无码av天天av天天爽| 国产伦精一区二区三区| 亚洲欧洲在线观看av| 欧美年轻男男videosbes| 国产高清自拍视频| 国产成都精品91一区二区三| 亚洲欧美日韩一区| 91精品国产一区二区三区香蕉| 国产三级av在线播放 | 久久色成人在线| 亚洲熟女www一区二区三区| 91porn在线| 韩国女主播一区| 伊人开心综合网| 精品国产凹凸成av人网站| 午夜国产小视频| 国产免费无码一区二区| 狠狠色狠狠色综合| 亚洲欧美另类综合偷拍| 日韩欧美自拍偷拍| 亚洲国产精品免费在线观看| 香蕉久久久久久av成人| 精品一区二区三区的国产在线播放| 中文字幕不卡的av| 91精品国产综合久久蜜臀| 日日碰狠狠添天天爽| 精品伦一区二区三区| 韩国精品久久久| 亚洲一区在线视频观看| 久久欧美中文字幕| 欧美性生活影院| 欧美波霸videosex极品| 在线播放第一页| 国产精品综合网| 婷婷国产在线综合| 国产精品传媒在线| 欧美电影免费观看高清完整版在| 国精产品一区一区二区三区mba| 91成人在线观看喷潮蘑菇| 国产福利一区在线观看| 天天综合日日夜夜精品| 成人免费在线视频| 26uuu精品一区二区| 欧美日韩成人在线一区| 国产探花在线视频| 一级片手机在线观看| 亚洲av无一区二区三区久久|